Basal Ganglia

Question 1

What basal glanglia use glutamate to carry out its action?, what kind o action is it?

Answer 1

• subthalamic nucleus

- excitatory to internal segment of globus pallidus

Question 2

Symptoms and principal disease associated with damage at direct pathway?

Answer 2

• hypoactive cerebral cortex ▶️ ⬇️ movement
• bradykinesia, tremor at rest, cog-wheel rigidity, stooped posture, shuffling gate, masked face, depression, dementia ⏭ parkinson disease

Question 3

Symptoms and major diseases associated with damage at indirect pathway?

Answer 3

• hyperactive cerebral cortex ▶️ ⬆️ movement
• chorea, athetosis, dystonia, tics
• huntintong chorea, hemiballismus, Tourette syndrome, Wilson disease

Question 4

In what place is the lesion of the disease that leads athetosis, change personality, “wing beating” tremor, dystonia and see kayser-Fleischer ring at eyes?

Answer 4

• putamen

* wilson disease

Question 5

Cause of hemiballism

Answer 5

• contralateral subthalamic nucleus

- hemorrhagic destruction ▶️ hypertensive