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Baroque Era Flashcards

1
Q

What is the BWV number for the B-Minor Mass?

A

BWV 232

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2
Q

When was the B-Minor Mass composed?

A

It was compiled between 1733-1749.

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3
Q

What is the instrumentation for the B-Minor Mass?

A

2 fl, 2 ob, 2 d’am, 2 bsn, 1 cor/caccia, 3 tp, timp, strings, organ

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4
Q

What are the choral/solo forces for the B-Minor Mass?

A

Chorus: SATB, SSATB, SATB/SATB in Osanna; Solo: SATB

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5
Q

How many total movements are in the B-Minor Mass?

A

27, not including the repetition of the Osanna

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6
Q

What was the earliest originally composed movement of the B-Minor Mass?

A

Sanctus

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7
Q

What is the genre of the B-Minor Mass?

A

Cantata Mass

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8
Q

What is a cantata mass?

A

A mass divided into separate self-contained segments

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9
Q

What are the separate main segments of the B-Minor Mass?

A

Missa, Symbolum Nicenum, Sanctus, and Osanna/Bene/Agnus/Dona

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10
Q

What is the instrumentation for the B-Minor Mass Kyrie 1?

A

2 fl, 2 d’am, 1 bsn, strings, bc

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11
Q

What is unique about the B-Minor Mass Kyrie 1?

A

It is the only piece in Bach’s output where choir and orchestra start together

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12
Q

What is the format for the opening four measures of the B-Minor Mass Kyrie 1?

A

Chorale line with “Kyrie” sung three times

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13
Q

What is the form of B-Min Mass Kyrie 1?

A

Fugue, after the opening 4 mm

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14
Q

What are the vocal forces for the Bm mass Christe?

A

Soprano duet, representative of the 2nd hand to God

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15
Q

What is the form of the Bm mass Kyrie 2?

A

Fugue, opening with basses

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16
Q

What style is the Bm mass Kyrie 2 in?

A

stile antico, yet still a fugue

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17
Q

What is the principle key of the Bm mass Gloria?

A

DM

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18
Q

How many mvmts are in the Gloria of Bach’s Bm?

A

8 - Gloria in excelsis and Et in terra pax, Laudamus te, Gratias agimus tibi, Domine Deus, Qui tollis peccata mundi, Qui sedes ad dextram Patris, Quoniam tu solus sanctus, Cum Sancto Spiritu

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19
Q

How many obbilgato instruments are called for in the Gloria section of the Bm Mass?

A

4 - vln, fl, d’am, caccia

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20
Q

What soloists sing in the Gloria section of the Bm mass?

A

SSATB

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21
Q

How many mvmts are in the Credo of Bach’s Bm?

A

9 - Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, Et in unum Dominum, Et incarnatus est, Crucifixus, Et resurrexit, Et in Spiritum sanctum Dominum, Confiteor, Et expecto

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22
Q

What is the structure of the Credo sections?

A

Chiastic

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23
Q

What is the center of the chiastic structure of the Bm mass Credo?

A

Crucifixus

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24
Q

What is the form of the Bm Crucifixus?

A

Passacaglia

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25
Q

Name six characteristics of the Bm mass Crucifixus.

A
  • weeping half step motive
  • half step descent through upper P4 of passacaglia
  • only notated Ger+6 in entirety of Bm mass
  • Em in 3/2
  • stile antico
  • based on “Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen” BWV 12
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26
Q

What is the primary similarity between the Bm mass Crucifixus and the surrounding two movements, Et incarnatus est and Et resurrexit?

A

All three are choral movements

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27
Q

What is the choral voicing for the Bm Sanctus?

A

SSAATB

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28
Q

Name two interesting rhythmic aspects in the Bm Sanctus.

A
  • triplets versus dotted-eighth/sixteenth

- several triplets in common time

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29
Q

Name the most important vocal part of the Bm Sanctus which drives the overall pulse.

A

Basses, having consistent octave leaps and pulse on every beat

30
Q

What is the form of the second half of the Bm Sanctus, “Pleni sunt coeli?”

A

fugue in 3/8

31
Q

What is the voicing for the Osanna of the Bm mass?

A

double chorus

32
Q

What is the format of the Osanna of the Bm mass?

A

fugue like statements supported by homophonic iterations of “Osanna in excelsis” in the opposite choir

33
Q

What music is the same as the Dona nobis pacem of Bach’s Bm?

A

Gratias agimus tibi

34
Q

What borrowings are used in Bach’s Bm mass?

A

Gratias - “Wir danken dir” BWV29
Qui tollis - “Schauet doch und sehet” BWV46
Patrem omnipotentem - “Gott, wie ist dein Name” BWV171
Crucifixus - “Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen” BWV12
Osanna - “Preise dein Glucke” BWV215
Agnus Dei - “Lobet Gott in seinen Reichen” BWV11
Gloria - BWV191

35
Q

Which of J.S. Bach’s typical compositional styles are not included in his Bm Mass?

A

Recitatives and chorales

36
Q

What is the approximate performance time of Bach’s Bm Mass?

37
Q

When was Handel’s Messiah written?

38
Q

What is the HWV number for Handel’s Messiah?

39
Q

What is the genre of Handel’s Messiah?

40
Q

What is unique about the oratorio nature of Handel’s Messiah?

A

Soloist writing is not for characters of a story, but instead for telling the text, as well as not being dramatic in nature

41
Q

How many parts is Handel’s Messiah in?

A

3

  • Part 1 is about the Christmas Story
  • Part 2 is about the Passion Story
  • Part 3 is about giving thanks
42
Q

Who is the librettist for Handel’s Messiah?

A

Charles Jennens

43
Q

Where and when was the first performance of Handel’s Messiah?

A

Dublin in 1742

44
Q

Name ___ characteristics of Handel’s Messiah.

A
  • no dynamics in the original score

- there is a Pastoral Symphony in the middle of Part 1

45
Q

Name 7 choruses from Handel’s Messiah.

A
  • And the glory of the Lord
  • And he shall purify
  • For unto us a child is born
  • His yoke is easy, and his burthen is light
  • All we like sheep have gone astray
  • Hallelujah
  • Worthy is the lamb that was slain
46
Q

Name 4 arias from Handel’s Messiah.

A
  • Ev’ry valley shall be exalted (tenor)
  • But who may abide the day of his coming? (alto)
  • The people that walked in darkness (bass)
  • Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion (soprano)
47
Q

Name as many characteristics of Handel’s compositional style as possible.

A
  • German, Italian, French, and English elements
  • persistent 8th-note pulse
  • very good at setting up and breaking expectation
  • asymmetrical melodies
  • unison, fugue, and block harmony textures
  • very limited use of obbligato instruments, only in later work
48
Q

Outline the general choral output of Handel.

A
  • 2 Lutheran Passions
  • Dixit Dominus
  • Coronation Anthems
  • Chandos Anthems
  • Oratrios (Messiah, Israel in Egypt, Solomon, Judas Maccabaeus, Jephtha, and more)
  • 5 Te Deums
49
Q

What is notable about the first mvmt of the first part of Handel’s Messiah?

A

It is a sinfony in French overture form (considerable use of double-dotted rhythms)

50
Q

When did Handel write most of his oratorios?

51
Q

What is the original name of Haydn’s Lord Nelson Mass?

A

Missa in angustiis or Nelsonmesse

52
Q

What is the genre of Haydn’s Lord Nelson Mass?

A

Missa solemnis

53
Q

How many movements in Haydn’s Lord Nelson Mass?

A

12

  • Kyrie
  • Gloria
  • Qui tollis
  • Quoniam
  • Credo
  • Et incarnatus
  • Et resurrexit
  • Sanctus
  • Benedictus
  • Osanna
  • Agnus Dei
  • Dona nobis
54
Q

When was Haydn’s Nelsonmesse written?

55
Q

What is the conjecture surrounding the nicknaming of Haydn’s Missa in angustiis?

A

It is believe that the nickname was given after the work was composed as a response to Admiral Horatio Nelson’s victory over Napoleon’s forces in the Battle for the Nile

56
Q

What is the instrumentation for Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

1.2.0.2. - 0.3.0.0. timp, strings, SATB solos, SATB choir, organ

57
Q

What is the approximate performance time for Haydn’s Missa in angustiis?

58
Q

Describe the format of the Kyrie of Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Sonata Form: Kyrie=expo, Christe=dev, Kyrie=recap

  • instrumental introduction, theme in first violins
  • choir joins in homophony on descending octaves
  • Christe starts with only strings and soprano soloist, ATB joins shortly thereafter, then SATB chorus
  • Kyrie returns in I not V, exactly at golden mean
59
Q

What is the form of the Gloria of Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Sonata-Allegro Form:

  • no incipit
  • DM
  • starts with S solo and strings
  • soloists interwoven with chorus
  • slower harmonic progressions
60
Q

What is the form of the Qui tollis of Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Theme and Variations:

- reduced orchestration

61
Q

What is the form of the Quoniam of Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Sonata-Allegro Form:

  • contrafacta text on Gloria music
  • DM
62
Q

What is the form of the Credo of Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Canon:

  • no incipit
  • DM
  • paired writing, but still in canon
63
Q

What is the form of the Et incarnatus of Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

ABC:

  • GM
  • alternate polyphonic soloists and homophonic chorus
  • considerable use of pedal-point G
64
Q

What is the form of the Et resurrexit of Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Theme and variations

65
Q

Name four relevant authors on Haydn’s music, and one text by each author.

A
  • H.C. Robbins Landon, “Haydn: His Life and Music”
  • Lawrence Schenbeck, “Joseph Haydn and the Classical Choral Tradition”
  • Karl Fellerer, “Text and Music in Mozart’s and Haydn’s Masses”
  • Kari Geiringer, “Haydn: A Creative Life in Music”
66
Q

What is the form of the Sanctus in Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Bipartite:

  • DM
  • homophonic statement of three Sanctus
  • Pleni sunt coeli is allegro in 3
  • Osanna incorporated into the end
67
Q

What form is the Benedictus from Haydn’s Nelsonmesse in?

A

Sonata-Allegro:

- DM in 3

68
Q

What form is the Agnus Dei from Haydn’s Nelsonmesse in?

A

Theme and Variations:

- only for soloists

69
Q

What is the form of the Dona nobis in Haydn’s Nelsonmesse?

A

Hybrid of fugue and sonata-allegro:

  • fugue starts with Altos
  • return of Kyrie theme in the trumpets
70
Q

What is the Hob number for Haydn’s Missa in angustiis?

A

Hob. XXII:11

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