Bandura Flashcards
In what key way did the Bobo doll study by Bandura et al (1961) extend findings by Bandura and Walters (1959)?
They tested imitation behaviour when it was not directly rewarded.
In 1974, what was Bandura elected president of?
APA
Who is the most citated psychologist?
Bandura
What is the Catharsis hypothesis?
– Idea that venting your frustrations helps to process emotions. Enables you to get out built up frustration.
Who believed in the process of reducing a complex by allowing it to be expressed or vented
– Breuer & Freud
What is reciprocal determinism?
environment causes our behaviour, but behaviour also causes our environment
What did Miller and Dollard research?
animals and children imitate an adult model when they get directly rewarded for it
What did Rosenblith find?
Sex differences in imitative behaviour of children
What were the main hypotheses of the study?
- Children who observe an adult model performing aggression imitate the adult and display similar aggressive behaviours
- Children imitate same-sex models more than opposite-sex models.
- Boys are more likely to imitate aggression, especially with a male model.
How many participants were there?
72
What was the mean age of participants
52 months
What was the cover story?
the experimenter (E) and the child encountered the adult model who was invited to come and join in the game
What happened in the non-aggressive condition?
– The model assembled the tinker toys in a quiet, subdued manner totally ignoring the Bobo doll
What happened in the aggressive condition?
– The model assembled the tinker toys for about a minute.
– Then the model turned to the Bobo doll and spent the remaining time aggressing towards it.
What aggressive acts did the model do?
- The model laid Bobo on its side, sat on it and punched it repeatedly on the nose
- Struck it on the head with the mallet
- Tossed it in the air and kicked it around the room
- This was repeated approximately 3 times, interspersed with verbally aggressive responses such as “Sock him in the nose” – “Throw him in the air” – “Kick him” – “Pow”
- And two non-aggressive comments: “He keeps coming back for more” – “He sure is a tough fella”.
Why was it independently coded by either the male model or anotehr coder?
so that one or the other coders had no knowledge of the condition
What were the imitative aggressive behaviours?
- Physical aggression (e.g., sitting on Bobo, hitting with the mallet)
- Verbal aggression
What were the non-imitative aggressive behaviours?
- Punching Bobo
- Other non-imitative aggression
- Aggressive gun play
Was ‘More (imitative) aggressive behaviour in the aggression condition than the non-aggression and control conditions’ supported?
yes.
• Children in the aggressive groups: – Were more likely to sit on the doll – Display physical aggression – Verbal aggression – Punch the Bobo doll – Mallet aggression – Engage in non-imitative aggression
Was ‘Children imitate same-sex models more than opposite-sex models’ supported?
yes
Males –> more aggression when exposed to male model
Females –> more aggression when exposed to female model
Although no significant interaction
Was ‘Boys imitate aggression more than girls, especially with a male model’ supported?
partially.
- Boys imitated more physical aggression
- No differences on imitated verbal aggression
- Aggression by the male model was more likely to be seen as appropriate by both the boys – “Al’s a good socker, he beat up Bobo. I want to sock like Al” – and the girls – “That man is a strong fighter … He’s a good fighter like Daddy”.
What are general issues with banduras study?
Generalisability, ecological validity, aggression or play, sociodemographics, ethical considerations
WHat is social learning theory a bridge between
behaviourist and cognitive learning theories by encompassing attention, memory, and motivation
Which 3 models were there?
A live model, a verbal instructional model, a symbolic model
What are the mediational processes?
Attention, retention, motivation, reproduction
WHy may violence in video games be worse than in movies?
active involvement,
identification,
direct reward
What did Anderson find an increase in when studying effects of video games?
Aggressive thoughts, feelings, behaviour
What did Anderson find a decrease in when stuyding effects of video games?
helping behaviour and empathy
Who found no long-term effect of gaming on aggression
Kuhn et al 2018
How does modelling therapy work?
• Phobic people watch a model act out the process of conquering their fear (e.g., of snakes)
- Actor is initially scared of the snake, and may take some time to approach, but ultimately touches the snake
