Balance & Postural control

Question 1

in standing, where is the body mass?

Answer 1

2/3 of body mass is above COG

Question 2

when you move beyond arm’s length, which muscles are active?

Answer 2

leg

Question 3

what is reach distance dependent upon?

Answer 3

thigh support

Question 4

what are the main systems for balance?

Answer 4

visual, vestibular, and somatosensory

Question 5

what is considered the limits of stability?

Answer 5

area around the BOS in which the pt can maintain balance w/o stepping

Question 6

what is contained within the cones of stability?

Answer 6

patient perceptions and the biomechanics of the BOS: size, location of COG in relation to BOS, how far COG is above the BOS

Question 7

how is patient perceptions measured?

Answer 7

sway

Question 8

what would proactive control be considered as?

Answer 8

feedforward

Question 9

what would reactive control be considered as?

Answer 9

feedback

Question 10

what is contained within the limits of stability?

Answer 10

area around BOS, cone of stability, dynamic equilibrium

Question 11

what input contribute to the maintenance of regular resting posture?

Answer 11

all

Question 12

define anatomical receptors and which system it correlates with.

Answer 12

sensory receptors on the soles of the feet and the muscle/joint receptors
somatosensory system

Question 13

what is the fastest system?

Answer 13

somatosensory system

Question 14

which system acts as a reference system?

Answer 14

vestibular system

Question 15

what is the primary motor function of the vestibular system?

Answer 15

VOR, righting reactions of head, trunk, and limbs, regulation of muscle tone and postural muscle activation

Question 16

the farther away the COG is in relation to the BOS,

Answer 16

the less stable

Question 17

how are muscles activated in the ankle strategy?

Answer 17

from distal to proximal

Question 18

The ankle strategy can be analogous to _____

Answer 18

pendulum

Question 19

what is critical in the maintenance of stability?

Answer 19

timing

Question 20

when is the hip strategy in play?

Answer 20

during greater perturbation/shear forces

Question 21

how is the muscle activation in the hip strategy?

Answer 21

proximal to distal

Question 22

what allows for the stepping strategy to occur?

Answer 22

move BOS under COG, individual taking quick step/hop/one leg, in response to fast, large perturbation