Bacteriology Flashcards
What stain used for Legionella?
Silver stain
How is Treponema visualized?
dark-field microscopy and fluorescent antibody staining
Intracellular bugs that are hard to stain?
Rickettsia, Chlamydia
How is Mycobacteria stained?
Acid-Fast stain due to high lipid conent; mycolic acids in cell wall detected by carbofuchsin
What is missing from mycoplasma?
cell wall
What bugs use a Giemsa stain?
Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience
Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium
What does PAS (period-acid schiff) stain?
stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides
What is PAS used to diagnose?
Whipple disease - Tropheryma whipplei
What is India Ink used to stain?
Crypotcoccus neoformans (mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red)
What is Silver stain use for?
Legionella, Fungi (pneumocystis), helicobacter pylori
what bacterial structure protects against phagocytosis?
capsule (organized, discrete polysaccharide layer, except in Bacillus anthracia, contains D-glutamate)
what helps with binding to foreign surfaces?
glycocalyx (loose network of polysaccharides)
What composes the outer membrane?
endotoxin - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); major suface antigen
where are beta-lactamases contained?
in the periplasmic space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane
in what bugs is periplasmic space present?
gram-negative bacteria
What agar do use for H. flu?
chocolate agar
what agar do use for Neisseria species?
Thayer-Martin
what agar for B. pertussis?
Bordet-Gengou agar OR Regan-Lowe medium
what agar for C. diphtheriae?
Tellurite agar, Loffler medium
what agar for M. tuberculosis?
Lowenstein-Jensen agar
what agar for Mycoplasma pneumonia?
Eaton agar
what agar for Lactose-fermenting enterics?
MacConkey agar (colonies turn pink because of fermented acid)
what agar for E. coli?
Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar (colonies with green metallic sheen)
what agar for Legionella?
charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron
what agar for fungi?
Sabouraud agar
Examples of Anaerobes and properties?
Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase and susceptible to oxidative damage
FOUL SMELLING
What antibiotic does NOT work against anaerobes?
Aminoglycosides (require O2 to get into bacteria)
What are the obligate intracellular bugs?
Rickettsia, Chalmydia, Coxiella
What are the facultative intracellular bugs?
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia pestis
what are encapsulated bacteria?
SHiNE SKiS
Strep pneumo H. flu Neisseria meningitidis E. coli Salmonella Klebsiella group b Strep
what of encapsulated bacteria have vaccines?
strep pneumo, H. flu, N. meningitidis
how are encapsulated bacteria cleared?
opsonized and then cleared by the spleen
what are urease + bugs?
CHuck norris hates PUNKSS
Cryptococcus H. pylori Proteus Ureaplasma Nocardia Klebsiella S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus
what are catalase + bugs?
CATs Need PLACESS to hide
CAT = catalase + Nocardia Pseudomonas Listeria Aspergillus Candida E. coli Staphylococci Seratia
What pigment does Actinomyces produce?
yellow sulfur granules
what pigment does S. aureus produce?
yellow pigment (aureus = gold)