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Microbiology and Parasitology (Lecture) > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a subdivision of microbiology which involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species.

A

Bacteriology

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2
Q

why was the diminutive “bakteria” used in the latinization of the word bacterium?

A

because bakteria means “staff, cane” and the first discovered bacteria were rod-shaped

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3
Q

what type of microorganisms do bacteria constitute?

A

a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms

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4
Q

what do single-celled bacteria fail to have around their nucleus or organelles because of their prokaryotic nature?

A

membrane enclosure (and membrane enclosed organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts)

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5
Q

(based on growth requirements)
do not grow on ordinary culture media, requiring additional growth factors for successful cultivation

A

fastidious microorganism

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6
Q

(based on growth requirements)
are easily cultivated because of their ability to grow on ordinary media such as NA and NB

A

non-fastidious microoganisms

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7
Q

(based on growth on media)
state all types of media

A
  • non-selective media (usually enriched medium)
  • differential media
  • selective media
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8
Q

(based on growth on media)
suppresses growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage growth of desired ones

A

selective media

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9
Q

(based on growth on media)
list well known selective media

A
  • Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA)
  • Potato/Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar
  • Loeffler Medium
  • Tellurite Media
  • Bordet-Gengou Agar
  • Thayer-Martin Agar Plates
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9
Q

(selective media)
what cultivates mostly Salmonella species (S. typhi) from feces

A

Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA)

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10
Q

(selective media)
what does BSA inhibit?

A

gram positive and most gram negative intestinal bacteria

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11
Q

(selective media)
what is used to cultivate fungi, yeasts, and molds from foodstuffs

A

Potato/Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar

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12
Q

(selective media)
what is Potato//Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar’s pH?

A

5.6

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13
Q

(selective media)
what is used to cultivate Corynebacterium diptheriae?

A

Loeffler Medium and Tellurite Media

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14
Q

(selective media)
what is used to cultivate Bordetella pertussis?

A

Bordet-Gengou Agar

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15
Q

(selective media)
what chocolate agar is used to cultivate Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Thayer-Martin Agar Plates

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16
Q

(selective media)
why do Thayer-Martin Agar Plates contain antibiotics?

A

in order to suppress normal flora from mixed bacteria and fungi (it is both selective and enrichment)

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17
Q

(selective media)
what is used to cultivate Legionella?

A

Charcoal Yeast Agar

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18
Q

(based on growth on media)
distinguish colonies of the desired organism from other colonies

A

differential media

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19
Q

(differential media)
based on pattern of hemolysis

A

Blood Agar Plate

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20
Q

(differential media)
Blood Agar Plate that is incomplete, light greenish

A

alpha-hemolysis

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21
Q

(differential media)
Blood Agar Plate that is complete, light transparent

A

beta-hemolysis

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22
Q

(differential media)
Blood Agar Plate that has no reaction

A

gamma-hemolysis

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23
Q

(based on growth on media)
MSA and Mannitol

A

Selective and Differential Media

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24
Q

(selective and differential media)
what is used to cultivate Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

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25
Q

(selective and differential media)
what makes MSA selective?

A

7.5% NaCl

26
Q

(selective and differential media)
differential for fermenters and non-fermenters

A

mannitol

27
Q

(selective and differential media)
fermentation changes color of phenol red via

A

red to yellow

28
Q

round or oval bacterial shape

A

cocci

29
Q

rod shaped bacteria

A

bacilli

30
Q

twisted or coiled shaped bacteria

A

spirals

31
Q

curved rod shaped bacteria

A

vibrio

32
Q

bacteria that do not have a definite shape

A

pleomorphic

33
Q

developed by Hans Christian Gram

A

Differential Gram Stain

34
Q

steps for gram staining

A

-Crystal Violet
-Iodine
-Alcohol
-Safranin

35
Q

disperse in nigrosine or india ink -> spread using another slide -> gently heat -> stain w/ crystal violet/safranin
-to distinguish capsular material from the bacterial cell

A

capsular staining

36
Q

results of capsular staining

A

halo appearance (purple/pink cell + dark background + colorless capsule)

37
Q

positive for capsule staining (Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules)

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Cryptococcus neoformans (fungi)
38
Q

binds to waxy material in cell walls and resists decolorization with acid alcohol

A

acid-fast stain

39
Q

acid fast bacteria (May Nuno)

A
  • Mycobacterium
  • Nocardia
40
Q

steps for acid fast staining (CHAM)

A

Ziehl-Neelsen Method
- Crystal Violet
- Heat
- Alcohol
- Methylene blue

41
Q

spore forming bacteria (BaCcla)

A
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridium
42
Q

results of spore staining?

A

green endospore w/n red or pink cells

43
Q

steps for spore staining (MHWS)

A

Schaeffer-Fulton Method
- Malachite green
- Heat
- Water
- Safranin

44
Q

ALL COCCI are gram-positive, except NVM

A
  • Neisseria
  • Veillonella
  • Moraxella
45
Q

require O2 for survival

A

obligate aerobes

46
Q

bacteria that are obligate aerobes (PutaNginaBabyMoCya)

A
  • Pseudomonas
  • Nocardia
  • Bacillus
  • Mycobacterium
  • Corynebacterium
47
Q

grow only in the absence of O2

A

obligate anaerobes

48
Q

bacteria that are obligate anaerobes (ABCEFP)

A
  • Actinomyces
  • Bacteroides
  • Clostridium
  • Eubacterium
  • Fusobacterium
  • Prevotella
49
Q

microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere
-require ↓ O2, however ↑ O2 concentration -> toxic)

A

microaerophiles

50
Q

microaerophilic bacteria (CollegeHumor)

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Helicobacter
51
Q

tolerates O2 but cannot replicate in its presence

A

aerotolerant

52
Q

aerotolerant bacteria (LaPilluz)

A
  • Lactobacillus
  • Propionibacterium
53
Q

used to distinguish organisms on the basis of the presence or absence of a certain respiratory enzyme, in which the family Enterobacteriaceae can be differentiated from other gram-negative rods

A

oxidase test

54
Q

what respiratory enzyme is often absent in the Enterobacteriaceae family?

A

cytochrome C

55
Q

this test is particularly useful for the differentiation of gram positive cocci

A

catalase test

56
Q

what cocci can be differentiated from the catalase test?

A

staphylococci (positive) from streptococci (negative)

57
Q

what bacteria can H2O2 kill?

A

staphylococci

58
Q

used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other less pathogenic staphylococci

A

coagulase test

59
Q

can not only differentiate among microbial species, but also

A

serological testing (immunologic test)

60
Q

strains with different antigens are called

A

serotypes, serovars, or biovars

60
Q

strains with different antigens are called

A

serotypes, serovars, or biovars

61
Q

different serological test/two blood antibody tests that may be used to detect HIV

A

ELISA and Western blotting

Microbiology and Parasitology (Lecture) (9 decks)

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