Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Unit 6 > Bacterial Zoonoses > Flashcards

Bacterial Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

what is the vector for Bacillus anthracis?

A

NO VECTOR (usually)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the vector for Francisella tularensis?

A

ticks, mosquitos, deer flies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the vector for Brucella ?

A

NO vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the vector for Yersinia pestis?

A

fleas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the vector for Bartonella henselae?

A

fleas, ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis?

A

infected mammals die and spores are released into soil which gets picked up by other live mammals or humans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three types of anthrax?

A

1- cutaneous (most common)
2- inhalation
3- GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does cutaneous anthrax present?

A

small sore–>blister–> skin ulcer with a black area in the center
Usually significant edema
Blister and ulcer do not hurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does GI anthrax present?

A

nausea, loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea, and fever, followed by bad stomach pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Inhalation anthrax present?

A

cold or flu symptoms and can include a sore throat, mild fever and muscle aches. Later symptoms include cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, tiredness and muscle aches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Association Card for anthrax

A 
spore in dirt
dying cattle 
no vector
cutaneous, GI, inhaled
painless black eschar with edema
GPR on culture of lesion 
tx: cipro, doxy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Francisella Tularemia: gram ______, _____ shaped, how does it deal with oxygen?

A

gram negative
rod
aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the five forms of tularemia

A
  • ulceroglandular (most common)
  • glandular
  • oculoglandular
  • oropharyngeal
  • pneumonic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most serious form of tularemia?

A

pneumonic - from inhaling dusts of aerosols. sx= cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing
*can be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what form(s) of tularemia are generally acquired via a tick or deer fly bite?

A

ulceroglandular, glandular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some of the other exposures that can lead to tularemia?

A

inhaling dust or aerosols from farming or landscaping, mowing over infected carcasses –> pneumonic type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: brucella has only one species?

A

FALSE: many species of brucella that naturally infect a variety of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What signs in cattle might indicate a brucella infection?

A

third trimester abortions, retained placenta, endometritis, birth of dead or weak calves, low milk yield

19
Q

Brucella transmission to humans

A

contact with conjunctiva or broken skin with infected tissues
ingestion (raw milk, undercooked meat)
inhalation of infectious materials

20
Q

What is the incubation period for brucella?

A

5 days to 3 months

21
Q

How does brucella present?

A

affects any and all organ systems

notable for cyclical fever!

22
Q

Name that bug:

cyclic fever + orchitis + cow exposure

A

brucella

23
Q

list the complications of brucella1

A 
osteoarticular (sponylitis, osteomyelitis)
hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
GI complications
GU (orchitis, epididymitis)
neuro (depression, mental fatigue) 
cardio (endocarditis)
24
Q

How do you diagnose brucella?

A

culture, serum agglutination test, immunofluorescence, PCR

25
Q

How do you treat brucella?

A

doxy x 6 wks

recovery is common but a small amoutn will relapse

26
Q

What is the incubation period for yersinia pestis?

A

1-6 days

27
Q

What are three types of plague?

A

bubonic
pneumonic
septicemic

28
Q

how does bubonic plague present?

A

rapid onset feverand painful swollen tender lymph nodes, usually inguinal, axillary, or cervical

29
Q

how does pneumonic plague present?

A

high fever, overwhelming pneumonia, cough, bloody sputum, chills

30
Q

how does septicemic plague present?

A

fever, prostration, hemorrhagic or thrombotic phenomena, acral gangrene (terminal digits)

31
Q

yersinia pestis is gram ______. treated with:

A

gram negative

tx: parenteral abx with streptomycin (gentamycin, and doxy are backup)

32
Q

cat scratch fever is caused by________

A

bartonella henselae

33
Q

what is primary infection with bartonella caused?

A

croyo fever

34
Q

What is the most common exposure that leads to bartonella infection?

A

people under 21 y.o. with kittens - scratches or bites or contact with fleas

35
Q

What are the symptoms of cat scratch fever?

A

fever, enlarged tender lymph nodes 1-2 wks after exposure
papule or pustule at site of inoculation
granulomatous conjunctivitis, neuroretinitis, atypical pneumonia, endocarditis

36
Q

how does bartonella present in immunocompromised people?

A

Bacillary angiomatosis (B. henselae or B. quintana)
HIV pts
sx: skin, subcutaneous or bone lesions

37
Q

What are the common pathogens associated with dog bites?

A

capnocytophaga canimorsus

pasteurella multocida

38
Q

What are the common pathogens associated with cat bites?

A

*pasteurella multocida
bartonella henselae
francisella tularensis
capnocytophaga canimorsus

39
Q

how does pasteurella multocida present?

A

evidence of wound infection within a few hours of a bite injury, scratch or lick.
Cellulitis or abscesses +/- bacteremia
Occasional pneumonia and endocarditis
Other: metastatic seeding of internal organs from bacteremia.
CNS: meningitis (rare), most often in young children or the elderly
A cause of rapidly progressive infections similar to Group A Streptococcus or Vibrio
patient may present within a few hours of a cat bite with established severe infection

40
Q

How do you treat pasteurella multocida?

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanate , Ampicillin/-sulbactam, Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline

First generation cephalosporins, cloxacillin, erythromycin and clindamycin NOT effective

41
Q

capnocytophaga canimorsus is _________ anaerobic, gram _______, _____ shaped.

A

facultative anaerobic
gram negative
rod

42
Q

What is the natural habitat of capnocytophaga canimorsus?

A

normal flora of cat and dog

43
Q

capnocytophaga canimorsus presentation:

A

history of dog bite or scratch, less commonly in cats
Cellulitis
Bacteremia/sepsis
Meningitis and endocarditis (rare)
Severe: shock, DIC, acral gangrene, disseminated purpura, renal failure, meningitis and pulmonary infiltrates
Fulminant sepsis following dog > cat bites, particularly in asplenic patients, alcoholics or immunosuppressed

44
Q

capnocytophaga canimorsus treatment:

A

Mild Cellulitis /Dog or Cat Bites
Preferred : Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Alternative: Clindamycin, doxycycline
Severe Cellulitis /Sepsis
Penicillin G 2-4 mU q 4h IV or Clindamycin 600mg IV q 8h.
Alternative : Ceftriaxone 1-2q IV qd, ciprofloxacin 400mg IV q12h or meropenem 1g IV q8h.
Prevention
Asplenic patients - amoxicillin/clavulanate for 7-10d

Micro Unit 6 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions