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BDS1 BAMS molecules and cells > bacterial pathogenicity > Flashcards

bacterial pathogenicity Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the definition of a pathogen?

A

an organism capable of causing disease

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2
Q

what is the definition of a commensal?

A

an organism part of the normal flora

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3
Q

what is the definition of pathogenicity?

A

the ability to cause disease

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4
Q

what is the definition of virulence?

A

the ability to cause severe disease

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5
Q

describe the stages in the lifecycle of a parasite

A

Enter
Attach
Colonise
Evade host immunity
Produce harmful proteins
Disseminate
Release from host

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6
Q

what are microorganisms?

A

agents of infectious disease

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7
Q

what effect do most microorganisms have on humans?

A

none, most microorganisms are harmless for humans

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8
Q

what are the divisions of microorganisms?

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • viruses
  • prions
  • parasites
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9
Q

what is colonisation?

A

when microbes find a new host and start to multiply

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10
Q

what is another term for microorganisms?

A

microbes

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11
Q

what is the normal flora?

A

a balance developed between colonised microbes and humans

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12
Q

what is the term used if a microbe causes disease?

A

infection

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13
Q

what is the term used if an infection’s source of microbe is patient’s own flora?

A

endogenous infection

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14
Q

what is the term used if an infection’s source of microbe is from outside the patient’s body?

A

exogenous infection

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15
Q

what is a primary pathogen?

A

microbes that always cause disease in a new susceptible human

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16
Q

what is an opportunistic pathogen?

A

microbes that cause disease only in immunocompromised patients eg microbes from normal flora

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17
Q

what is the microbes carrier state?

A

when the microbe remains in the human body for some time after infection

18
Q

overview of bacterial infections

A
19
Q

innate immune system vs normal flora

A
20
Q

what is the germ theory of disease?

A
  • The microbe must be present in every case of the disease
  • The microbe must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
  • The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is introduced into a susceptible host
  • The microbe must be recovered from an experimentally infected host
21
Q

what are roots of microbial entry?

A
  • ingestion
  • inhalation
  • injection
  • across mucous membranes
  • into ear
  • transplacental
22
Q

what is an example of microbial entry via ingestion?

A

salmonella

23
Q

what is an example of microbial entry via inhalation?

A

tuberculosis

24
Q

what is an example of microbial entry via injection?

A

hep B

25
Q

what is an example of microbial entry via mucous membranes?

A

trepomena pallidum

26
Q

what is an example of microbial entry via the ear?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

27
Q

what is an example of microbial entry via transplacental?

A

cytomegalovirus

28
Q

what are sources of microbial entry?

A

Person-to-person
- Contaminated blood or other bodily fluids
- Touch
- Saliva
- Air
Fomites (objects)
Insects
Water
Food

29
Q

describe a prokaryotic cell?

A
30
Q

what is the method of attatchement of bacteria?

A

pili (hairlike)
- proteinaceous
- overcome mechanical forces
- specificity to host and tissue

31
Q

describe UTIs

A

urinary tract infection
- very common in women
- colonise from faeces

32
Q

what is the host protection from uti’s?

A
  • flushing action of urine
33
Q

how does the bacteria in UTIs persist against urine?

A
  • Bacteria produce specialised adhesive structures to circumvent flushing action
  • Adheres to bladder mucosal cells
  • E. coli usually isolated
34
Q

what is incapsulated bacteria?

A

bacteria covered with a polysaccharide capsule- related to immune response

35
Q

give an example of a encapsulated infection

A

meningitis

36
Q

what is the capsular function?

A

Mediate adhesion
Immune evasion
Protection from desiccation (drying out)
Reserves of carbohydrate
Encapsulated bacteria give rise to smooth colonies
Capsule material gives rise to ‘capsular antigens’

37
Q

where are exotoxins produced?

A

inside most gram- POSITIVE bacteria

38
Q

where are endotoxins produced?

A

wall of gram- NEGATIVE bacteria

39
Q

endotoxin??

A
40
Q

…

A

BDS1 BAMS molecules and cells (20 decks)

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