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Bacterial Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

-synthesis of cellular constituents

A

Anabolism

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2
Q
  • major pathway of glucose catabolism
A

Embden-Myerhof-Parnas Pathway(glycolysis)

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3
Q

-major pathway for glucose by obligate anaerobes

A

Entner-Duodoroff pathway

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4
Q

-major mechanism for ATP production, final pathway for complete oxidation of amino acids,fatty acids,and carbohydrates

A

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

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5
Q

-consist of polymeric backbones of repeating N acetylglucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid joined together by a tetrapeptide bonds

A

Peptidoglycan biosynthesis

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6
Q

cross linked peptidoglycan-murein sacculus

A

Cell wall peptidoglycan

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7
Q

envelope proteins-M proteins

A

Non peptidoglycan components

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8
Q

-dispensable,does not affect viability of the cell

A

Capsular polysaccharides

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9
Q

-strong rigid cell wall, devoid of protein and lipids, with teichoic acid

A

Gram positive

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10
Q

-more complex, thin peptidoglycan

A

Gram negative

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11
Q

Bacterial cell envelope

-contain unique LPS various proteins(transmembrane proteins) -porins,integral proteins bilayer

A

Outer membrane

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12
Q

Bacterial cell envelope

-asymmetrical, LPS

A

Enteric bacteria

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13
Q

Bacterial cell envelope

-all phospholipids

A

Non enteric

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14
Q

Bacterial cell envelope functions

A

barrier,
filter,
attachment site for phage and conjugation, proteases and other enzymes

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15
Q

-use inorganic compounds as sole source of carbon like CO2. Derive energy from light(photolithotrophs) or oxidation of inorganic(chemolithotrophs

A

Autotrophic(lithotrophs)

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16
Q
  • use organic compounds as carbon source like glucose.Cant use CO2 as sole source of carbon.derive energy from li(photoorganotrophs), or inorganic-(chemoorganotrophs
A

Heterotrophic(organotrophic)

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17
Q

Nitrogen-major component of proteins and nucleic acids. Assimilated by

A

fixation,
reduction,
and ammonia assimilation

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18
Q

Oxygen is toxic for these anaerobes which lack 2 enzymes:

A

a. Superoxide dismutase-destroys SOD

b. Catalase-destroys hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

-can resist exposure to oxygen, not killed

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

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20
Q

-can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic cond. Most medically important bacteria belong here

A

Facultative anaerobes

21
Q
  • strictly require oxygen for growth ex. M.tuberculosis
A

Obligate aerobe

22
Q

-grow at low oxygen tension-damaged by normal oxygen level of oxygen ex. Campylobacter jejuni

A

Microaerophiles

23
Q

Anaerobes, except __________, utilize fermentative type of metabolism

A

facultative anaerobes

24
Q

-high temp(50-60C

A

Thermophiles

25
Q

-20-40C.-most pathogens

A

Mesophiles

26
Q

-low temp(10-20C

A

Psychrophiles

27
Q

pH-most bacteria grow at ph 6-8 (___________- most med. impt. group belong here

A

neutrophiles ph 7.5-8

28
Q
  • high salt-halophile high osmotic pressure-osmophile
29
Q

Bacteria reproduce by

A

binary fission

30
Q

1 parent cell forms

A

2 progeny cells

31
Q

One bacterium will produce

A

16 bacterium after 4 generations

32
Q
  • vigorous metabolic activity.period of cell adaptation  and adjustment after metabolites are depleted
33
Q

-rapid cell division. Cells are in steady state. New cells are synthesized. Cell mass increase in number

A

Log or exponential phase

34
Q

-slowing growth.living cells equals dead cells.nutrients used up.waste accumulate.spore production(radiation, dehydration), dipicolinic acid helps stabilize nucleic acids

A

Stationary

35
Q

-final phase,decline in number of bacteria, more dead bacteria than viable.spores continuously produced to survive

A

Death or decline

36
Q

-release of naked DNA into environment by lysis and direct uptake of DNA by recipient.occurs among related species.requires competence of recipient cells

A

Transformation

37
Q

-DNA passed directly by cell to cell contact during the mating of bacteria.sex-like exchange that requires sex pili.controlled by Fertility or F plasmid

A

Conjugation

38
Q
  • mediated by bacteriophage. bacteriophage picks up fragments of DNA and package them into bacteriophage particles.DNA is delivered into infected cells and incorporated into recipients genome
A

Transduction

39
Q

Autonomous extrachromosomal elements composed of circular double stranded DNA. Can replicate on their own

40
Q
  • codes for sex pilus
41
Q
  • codes for resistance to various antibiotics
42
Q

-codes for virulence

A

Vir plasmid

43
Q

Exceptions to Kochs Postulate

A 
Carriers 
Viruses 
M.leprae, T.pallidum 
Some animals like rats 
Certain disease develop only in immunocompromised individuals
44
Q
  • “first encounter” but no symptoms yet
A

Incubation period

45
Q
  • period of disease onset
46
Q
  • period of maximal illness
A

Invasion period

47
Q
  • manifestations decline
A

Defervescence

48
Q

-regains full strength

A

Convalescence

49
Q

-substrate breakdown to usable energy

A

Catabolism

Microbiology (6 decks)

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