Bacterial Metabolism Flashcards
What is metabolism
The total of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
What are catabolic reactions (catabolism)
Energy-releasing metabolic reactions
What is an autotroph
An organism using CO2 as its carbon source
What are Heterotroph
Organisms requiring organic compounds as a carbon source
What are Phototrophs
Organisms utilizing light as the source of cell energy
What are chemoorganotrophs
They use organic chemicals as energy sources (ex. Most bacteria and humans)
What are Chemolithotrophs
They use inorganic chemicals as energy sources and most obtain carbon from CO2 (autotroph) or from organic compounds (mixotrophs)
What is thermodynamics
Study of energy change with either potential energy (stored) or kinetic (movement)
What kinds of energy are kinetic ?
Heat and light
What is a type of potential energy?
Concentration gradients and chemical energy
Detail the Laws of Thermodynamics
- Total energy remains constant and cannot be created or destroyed. 2. Any change in energy cause the quantity of useful energy to decrease and useful energy is more ordered chemically; entropy (increase in randomness)
What is an exergonic reaction?
When high energy reactants yield to low energy products so that stored energy is released so work can be accomplished
What is an endergonic reaction?
When low energy reactants yield to high energy products and energy is stored in the chemicals bonds
What phosphorylated compounds store energy that is released in exergonic reactions?
ATP, phoshpoenolpyruvate, Acetyl co A and glucose 6
What does long-term energy storage involve?
Insoluble polymers that can be oxidized to generate ATP; Glycogen, sulfur, poly-B (prokaryotes) and starch or lipids (eukaryotes)
What are the Electron Carriers?
NAD, NADH, FADH2, Fe++
How does oxidation reduction reactions occur?
In pairs (reduction is gain of electrons) (oxidation is loss of electrons)
What is activation energy
Energy Need to start a chemical reaction
What do catalysts do?
Reduce activation energy by bringing extent molecules close together, make bonds easier to break, and the enzymes are very specific
Enzymes are..?
Mostly Proteins but have non protein components (prosthetic group)
Coenzymes are
Involved in the transfer of small groups or electrons
