Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive Tract Flashcards
- Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
caused by ingestion of S. aureus enterotoxins
What is staphylococcal food poisoning resistant to?
heat, drying, radiation, and osmotic pressure changes.
Where is staphylococcal food poisoning organism common?
nasal passages - can be transferred by hands
- Shigellosis (bacterial dysentery)
Causative: G- facultative anaerobe rod. of the genus Shigella
Different species of genus create different symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to internal hemorrhage.
- Salmonellosis (Gastroenteritits)
G- rod, falcultative anaerobe, non-spore former - Salmonella sp
Where is salmonellosis found?
normal in the intestinal tracts of animals, including humans
What is Salmonellosis divided into?
Typhoid and non-typhoid strains
Where do salmonellosis replicate?
Replicate in macrophages - with a 12-36 hour incubation time
multiples in mucosa of small intestine enters circulation and travels to other organs
What are symptoms of Salmonellosis?
Fever, nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea - can lead to septic shock in infants and elderly
What is therapy for Salmonellosis?
Oral rehydration is therapy, oral antibiotics not useful
Where is Salmonellosis found?
Meat products form animal intestine, endemic in turtles and iguanas and chickens, and on fresh fruit
How is Salmonellosis destroyed?
Microbes destroyed by cooking, use caution on preparation surfaces i.e. raw chicken
- Typhoid Fever
Causative agent is Salmonella typhi
Where is Typhoid Fever found?
Found only in human feces, no other animal.
Common in areas with poor sanitation.
What are symptoms of Typhoid Fever?
fever, constant headache, diarrhea for 2-3 that could lead to dehydration and ulcerations in the intestine
What is drug choice for Typhoid Fever?
1st drug of choice was chloramphenicol, now quinolones are used due to organism resistant
- Cholera
causative agent Vibrio choera, G- flagellated curved rod that produces exotoxin
What does toxin cause in Cholera?
causes intestinal cells to secrete huge amounts of water and electrolytes - up to 5 gallons of fluid can be lost - causing a decrease in blood pressure that can lead to shock
What happens to blood in Cholera?
it thickens and organs shut down
Where is Cholera organism found and how is it destroyed?
common in brackish water and will form biofilms on crustaceans, algae and plants
Destroyed by stomach acids in a healthy person
- Traveler’s Diarrhea
E. coli is most common but there are many causes
What is treatment for Traveler’s Diarrhea?
Treatment is rehydration therapy.
- Peptic Ulcers
causative agent is Helicobacter pylori , spiral microaerophile
What does organism do in peptic ulcers?
causes a decrease in stomach mucus that protects it from HCI
also produces high amounts of urease which creates ammonia as biproduct.
- C-dif
causative agent is Clostridium difficile, G+ spore forming obligate anaerobe rode that produces exotoxins
Symptoms of C-dif?
range form mild diarrhea to colitis and ulcerations of the intestine
What is a successful treatment of C-dif?
successful treatment using fecal enemas or fecal transplants from a family member or person of patient’s household.
