Bacterial Cell Wall and Folic Acid Agents Flashcards
Sulfonamide
Sulfa Antibiotic
Characteristics:
- Bacteriostatic
- Structural PABA Analog
MOA:
- Inhibit DHPS preventing Folic Acid Synthesis
AE:
- Acute Renal Failure
- Bone Marrow Depression
- Cyanosis
- Hepatitis
- Hypersensitivity (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)
Folic Acid Antagonists
Characteristics:
- Bacteriostatic
- Resembles Pteridine Ring of Folate
- Combined with Sulfonamides
MOA:
- Inhibit Dihydrofolate Reductase preventing Folic Acid Synthesis
AE:
- Folate Deficiency
- Megaloblastic Anemia
Penicillin G
Prototype Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Poor Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
- Proconvulsant Effect if given intrathecally
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Penicillin V
Prototype Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Better Oral Availability than Penicillin G
- Active against gram-positive bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Methicillin
Narrow Spectrum Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Poor Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Oxacillin
Narrow Spectrum Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Cloxacillin
Narrow Spectrum Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Dicloxacillin
Narrow Spectrum Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Ampicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive/negative bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Amoxicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Better Oral Availability than Ampicillin
- Active against gram-positive/negative bacteria
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Carbenicillin
Extended Spectrum Penicillin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Poor Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive/negative bacteria
- Active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Clavulanic Acid
Beta Lactamase Inhibitors
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Combined with Amoxicillin
MOA:
- Prevent degradation of beta lactam antibiotics by beta lactamase
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Sulbactam
Beta Lactamase Inhibitors
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Combined with Amoxicillin
MOA:
- Prevent degradation of beta lactam antibiotics by beta lactamase
AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Cefradine
1st Generation Cephalosporin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
MOA:
- Irreversible inhibition of PBPs
AE:
- Nephrotoxicity (Especially with Cefradine)
- Drug-Induced Alcohol Intolerance
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis in response to penicillin
Cefuroxime
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Can cross BBB
MOA:
- Irreversible inhibition of PBPs
AE:
- Nephrotoxicity (Especially with Cefradine)
- Drug-Induced Alcohol Intolerance
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis in response to penicillin