Bacterial Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the cell wall:

A

1.Determines the cell shape
2.Prevent osmotic lysis
3.part of cell envelope

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2
Q

Cell wall structure

A

1- Made up of peptidoglycans
2- linked by polypeptides
3-Polymer of disaccharides

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3
Q

Q. What are the two types of cell wall

A

Gram+ve
Gram -ve

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4
Q

Q. Why does a gram -ve cell wall turn colourless once we add alcohol

A

Because the peptidoglycan layer is thinner than in gram+ve cell wall.

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5
Q

Gram Positive Cell walls

A

1.Thick peptidoglycan
2.No periplasm
3. No outer cell membrane
4. Teichoic acids

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6
Q

Gram Negative Cell Wall

A

1.Thin peptidoglycan
2. Periplasm
3.Outer cell membrane
4. No Teichoic acid

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7
Q

Q. We can’t do a gram test on mycoplasmas ?

A

as it contains sterols and a complete cell wall

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8
Q

Q. What is the clinical importance of cell wall?

A

lipopolysaccharides secretes endotoxins in gram negative bacteria

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9
Q

Lipopolysacchrides

A

Lipid A

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10
Q

The rigidity and shape of the bacterial cell is due to:

A

lipopolysacchride

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11
Q

Which substance of the membrane of gram-negative bacteria is a potent endotoxin?

A

Lipopolysacchride

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12
Q

Glycocalyx

A

A network of polysacchrides that project from cellular surfaces

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13
Q

Glycocalyx consists of :

A

1-A gelatinous capsule
2-A slimy layer

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14
Q

Function of GLycocalx

A

protects bacterium from harmful pathogens

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15
Q

Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to
cells?

A

Glycocalyx

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16
Q

Structure of Bacterial Flagella

A

outside cell wall made up of flagellin attached by a protein hook anchored to the wall of the membrane by the basal body

17
Q

Function of Flagella

A

motility

18
Q

Pili and Fimbirae

A

Filamentous appendages that are shorter, straighter and more numerous than flagella

19
Q

Pili and Fimbriae are found in

A

Gram -ve Bacteria

20
Q

Fimbriae function

A

allow attachment

21
Q

Pili Function

A

Transfer DNA from one cell to another

22
Q

Prokaryotic cells have:

A

no true nuclei

23
Q

Endospores are only found in two shapes

A

1-Bacillus
2-Clostiridium

24
Q

Germination of endospores

A

Return to vegetative state

25
Q

Endospores are resistant to :

A

1-Dissection
2-heat
3-chemicals

26
Q

Endospores are:

A

Resting cells

27
Q

Main difference between Flagella and Cilia:

A

Flagella : Taller
Cilia : Shorter

28
Q

80S ribosomes

A

1-Membrane bound
2-Free
3- Attached to the ER in cytoplasm

29
Q

70S Ribosomes

A

Found in chloroplasts and mitochondria

30
Q

Prokaryotes

A

1-1 circular chromosome
2- No histones
3- Reproduce by BInary Fission
4- No organelles
5- Peptidoglycan cell walls
6- chromosomes not in a membrane

31
Q

Eukaryotes

A

1- Paired chromosomes
2- chromosomes are in nuclear membrane
3- organelles
4-histones
5- Mitotic spindle
6- polysacchraide cell walls