Bacteria and Culturing

Question 1

Bacteria are between ____ microns in length

Answer 1

0.5-5

Question 2

3 shapes of bacteria

Answer 2

1. Cocci (round)
2. Bacilli (rod)
3. Spirilli (spiral)

Question 3

Bacteria are anucleated, or ________

Answer 3

prokaryotic

Question 4

Rigid, outer layer of a bacteria cell that gives it shape and protection

Answer 4

Cell wall

Question 5

Most bacteria have cell walls, but what kind doesnt?

Answer 5

mycoplasma

Question 6

Selectively permeable that controls what enters and exits the bacteria cell

Answer 6

cell membrane

Question 7

Part of the bacteria cell that contains nutrients and organelles

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

Site of cellular division in a bacteria cell

Answer 8

Mesosomes

Question 9

Gelatinous covering around the outside of the cell that helps the cell be antiphagocytic

Answer 9

Capsules

Question 10

Part of a cell used for locomotion

Answer 10

flagella

Question 11

Facilitates the adherence of bacteria to mucous membranes

Answer 11

Pilli/Fimbria

Question 12

Makes the bacteria cell hard to kill by making it resistant to disinfection and helps the bacteria survive pasteurization
Ex: Clostridium piliforme

Answer 12

Spores/Endospores

Question 13

A source of energy for bacteria that comes from organic molecules

Answer 13

Carbon

Question 14

A source of energy for bacteria that is a biproduct of protein metabolism

Answer 14

Nitrogen

Question 15

What percentage of a bacteria cell’s weight is water?

Answer 15

7-10%

Question 16

What is the optimal pH for bacterial growth?

Answer 16

7-7.5

Question 17

Optimal temperature for bacterial growth?

Answer 17

35-37 Celsius

95-98.6 Fahrenheit

Question 18

Optimal temperature for pathogenic bacteria?

Answer 18

20-40 Celsius

68-104 Fahrenheit

Question 19

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 19

Binary fission (asexually)

Question 20

Bacteria that grow well in the presence of O2

Answer 20

Aerobic

Question 21

Bacteria that grow well with lack of O2

Answer 21

Anaerobic

Question 22

Bacteria that grow +/- O2

Answer 22

Facultative

Question 23

Bacteria that need a certain amount of O2

Answer 23

Microaerophilic

Question 24

Bacteria that grows best at 20-40 celsius with optimal growth at 35-37 celsius
Most pathogenic bacteria

Answer 24

Mesophilic

Question 25

Cold loving bacteria that optimally grows at 0-30 Celsius

Answer 25

Psychrophiles

Question 26

Hot loving bacteria that optimally grows at 40-80 Celsius | Survive pasteurization and hot springs

Answer 26

Thermophilic

Question 27

5 Body fluids/organs that should be sterile

Answer 27

1. blood 2. urine 3. CSF 4. synovial fluids 5. lungs

Question 28

Good bacteria that produce vitamins and prevent dz

Answer 28

Normal Flora

Question 29

Normal flora can be found in 4 places

Answer 29

1. GI tract 2. upper respiratory tract 3. skin 4. anterior urethra

Question 30

Normal flora compete with pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space and produce toxins that are harmful to pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 30

Microbial Antagonists

Question 31

Pathogenic bacteria that normally don't cause dz but can under certain circumstances Ex: E. Coli

Answer 31

Opportunistic

Question 32

Pathogenic bacteria that always cause dz | NOT normal flora

Answer 32

Obligate

Question 33

Probiotic supplement given to help normal flora

Answer 33

Lactobacillus

Question 34

Excreted by Gram + and Gram - bacteria that make the host sick while the bacteria is alive Ex: Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botullini

Answer 34

Exotoxins

Question 35

Excreted by Gram - bacteria that make the host sick when the bacteria dies Less antigenic Ex: E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella

Answer 35

Endotoxins

Question 36

Route of bacterial transmission where there is direct contact with the infection's carrier

Answer 36

Direct

Question 37

Route of bacterial transmission where it can be aerosolized and requires no physical contact Usually through resp system or ingestion of contaminated food/H2O

Answer 37

Indirect

Question 38

Route of transmission by way of an inanimate objects (pen, table, Sxical equipment)

Answer 38

Fomites

Question 39

Transmission by way of an insect

Answer 39

Vector

Question 40

Route of transmission by way of Non-GI infex | Ex: blood transfusion

Answer 40

Parenteral

Question 41

MM produces _________ which traps microorganisms

Answer 41

mucous

Question 42

3 phagocytic blood cells

Answer 42

1. Monocytes/Macrophages 2. Eos 3. Neutros

Question 43

2 immune responses

Answer 43

Innate and Adaptive

Question 44

You should collect samples ________

Answer 44

aseptically

Question 45

Material swabbed from a superficial body surface yield a ________ _______ bacteria culture

Answer 45

mixed growth

Question 46

Material swabbed from body orifices are frequently contaminated with __________ ___________

Answer 46

normal flora

Question 47

Most useful collection

Answer 47

aspirates from aseptically prepared sites

Question 48

When should you collect a sample from a deceased animal or on Abx?

Answer 48

ASAP

Question 49

Tissue samples should be at least

Answer 49

3 sq. cm.

Question 50

Body fluid samples should be at least

Answer 50

1 mL

Question 51

You should send ______ samples of urine

Answer 51

sterile (not free catch)

Question 52

The easier, preferred method to obtain sterile urine

Answer 52

cystocentesis

Question 53

Blood is best collected at the spike of a

Answer 53

F+

Question 54

2 fluids that should be collected aseptically

Answer 54

CSF and synovial fluid