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Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Catarrhal phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

1-2 wks

Rhinorrhea, malaise, sneezing, anorexia

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2
Q

Paroxysmal phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

2-4 wks

Repetitive cough with whoops, vomiting, leukocytosis

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3
Q

Convalescent phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

3-4 wks

Diminished paroxysmal cough, development of secondary complication (pneumonia, seizure, encephalopathy)

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4
Q

Incubation phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis

A

7-10 days

No symptoms

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5
Q

Pharyngitis due to S. pyogenes symptoms

A
  1. Abrupt onset of Sore throat, fever, malaise, and headache
  2. Tonsillar abscesses
  3. Tender Anterior Cervical LN
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6
Q

Oligate anaerobes organisms

A
  1. Actinomyces
  2. Bacteroides
  3. Clostridum
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7
Q

Action of B. pertussis toxins

A
  1. Adenylate cyclase toxin: impairs leukocyte chemotaxis causes local edema
  2. Tracheal cytotoxin: interferes with ciliary action, kills ciliated cells
  3. Pertussis toxin: ADP riboxylation of Gi
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8
Q

Rickettsia features

A

Aerobic, gram- bacilli that are too small to stain

Obligate intracellular (do not make enough ATP)

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9
Q

S. agalactiae treatment

A

Amilcillin with AG or Cephalosporin

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10
Q

Otitis media and sinusitis due to S. pneumoniae treatment

A

Amoxicillin, erythromycin

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11
Q

Clostridium perfringens distinguishing features

A
  • Anaerobic: Stormy fermentation in milk media
  • Double zone of hemolysis
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12
Q

Actinomyces israelii distinguishing features

A

Anaerobic

Branching rods

Non-acid fast

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13
Q

Pasteurella multocida transmission

A

Animal bite

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14
Q

Mycoplasma pathogenesis

A
  1. Attaches to Resp epithelium via P1 protein
  2. Inhibits ciliary action
  3. Produces hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals and cytolytic enzymes that damage resp epith
  4. Acts as a Superantigen
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15
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis distinguishing features

A
  1. Auramine-rhodamine staining bacilli (fluorescent apple green)
  2. Acid fast
  3. Aerobic
  4. Produces Niacin
  5. Produces a heat-sensitive catalase
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16
Q

H. ducreyi treatment

A

Azithromycin

Ceftriaxone

Ciprofloxacin

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17
Q

Endospores are found in

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

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18
Q

Stage 3 lyme disease

A
  1. Bell palsy
  2. Headache
  3. meningitis
  4. conjunctivitis
  5. palpitations
  6. arrhythmias
  7. myocarditis
  8. pericarditis
  9. Arthritis
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19
Q

Lyme disease caused by

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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20
Q

What causes dirty gray pseudomembrane on oropharynx?

A

C. diphtheriae

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21
Q

Toxins that Increase cAMP

A

C: Cholera

A: Anthrax

Σ: E. coli

P: Pertussis

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22
Q

Microaerophilic organisms

A
  1. Campylobacter
  2. Helicobacter
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23
Q

Biggest contrast between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Respiratory port of entry
  3. Maltose fermentation
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24
Q

S. pneumoniae pathogenesis

A
  1. Capsule: virulence factor
  2. IgA protease
  3. Teichoic acid
  4. Pneumolysin O: hemolysin/cytolysin
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25
Q

Pathogenesis of E. coli causing neonatl septicemia/meningitis

A

Casule- K1 serotype

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26
Q

S. saprophyticus chx

A
  1. Catalase +
  2. γ-Hemolysis
  3. Novobiocin R
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27
Q

S. epidermidis chx

A
  1. Catalase +
  2. γ-Hemolysis
  3. Novobiocin S
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28
Q

All strep are

A

Catalase and Coagulase negative

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29
Q

Walking pneumonia

A

Caused by Mycoplasma

Pharyngitis

May develop into atypical pneumonia with persistent hack

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30
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A
  1. Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
  2. Hadache, fever
  3. Rash that starts on ankles and writs and then spreads to trunk, palms, soles and face
  4. Ankle and wrist swelling
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31
Q

Typhoid fever

A
  1. Caused by Salmonella typhi
  2. Infection begins in ileocecal region
  3. Travel via mesenteric LN and blood
  4. Replicates in macrophage
  5. If untreated causes necrosis of Peyer patches
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32
Q

Bubonic plague

A
  1. Caused by Yersinia pestis
  2. Rapidly increasing fever
  3. Regional buboes
  4. Conjunctivitis
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33
Q

Listeria and renal transplant

A

Causes adult Meningitis

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34
Q

H. influenzae treatment

A

Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

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35
Q

Adult meningitis due to S. pneumoniae treatment

A

Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime

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36
Q

Legionella grows on what medium?

A

Charcoal-yeast extract (S)

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37
Q

Neisseria (from normal sterile sites) and Haemophilus grow on what medium?

A

Chocolage agar

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38
Q

Thayer-Martin medium is

A

Chocolate agar with Vacno, Nystatin and colistin to inhibit the normal flora

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39
Q

Mycoplasma needs what to grow?

A
  1. Cholesterol
  2. Purines
  3. Pyrimidines
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40
Q

Bacillus anthracis treatment

A

Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline

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41
Q

Transmission of Mycoplasma

A

Close contact respiratory

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42
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica special feature

A

Cold growth

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43
Q

S. pneumoniae disease presentations

A
  1. Community acquired pneumonia
  2. Adult meningitis
  3. Otitis media and Sinusitis in children
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44
Q

S. aureus contaminated foods

A

Custard pastries

Potato salad

Canned meat

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45
Q

Primary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) DX:

A

Dark-field or fluorescent micro

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46
Q

How do you Dx. Legionella

A

Direct fluorescent antibody on biopsy and Dieterle silver stain

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47
Q

Elek test

A

Document C. diphtheriae toxin production

Toxin producing strains diffuse away from growth

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48
Q

Granulomatosis infantisepticum

A

Early-onset of neonatal listeria infection

Disseminated granulomas with central necrosis

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49
Q

Organisms associated with animal bites

A
  1. Eikenella corrodens: human causing Cellulitis
  2. Capnocytophaga canimorsus: Dog causing Cellulitis
  3. Bartonella henselae: Cats and dogs causing Cat Scratch Fever
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50
Q

Pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum

A

enarteritis resulting in lesions

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51
Q

Enteric bacteria grow on what medium?

A
  1. Eosin mthylene blue (D)
  2. MacConkeys (D)
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52
Q

TB pathogenesis

A
  1. Facultative intracellular
  2. Sulfatides: inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
  3. Cord factor: causes serpentine growth inhibiting leukocyte migration
  4. Tuberculin: delayed HS and CMI: Granulomas
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53
Q

Stage 2 Lyme disease

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Chills and fever
  3. Headache
  4. Muscle and joint pain
  5. Swollen LN
  6. Secondary annular skin lesion
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54
Q

Campylobacter jejuni transmission

A

Fecal-oral

PRIMARILY from Poultry

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55
Q

How does B. pertussis attach to nasopharyngeal ciliated epithelial cells

A
  1. Filamentous hemagglutinin
  2. Pertussis toxin
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56
Q

Teichoic acid chx

A
  • Found in G + only
  • Chemical of Cell wall
  • Immunogenic, induces TNF-α and IL-1
  • Used for Attachment
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57
Q

What needs cysteine to grow?

A
  1. Francisella
  2. Brucella
  3. Legionella
  4. Pasteurella
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58
Q

Bacillus cereus transmission

A

Fried rice

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59
Q

Confirm nontreponemal Ab screening test with

A

FTA-ABS

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60
Q

Outer membrane found in

A

G - only

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61
Q

Outer membrane found in

A

G - only

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62
Q

S. aureus chx

A
  1. G+ Cocci
  2. Catalase +
  3. Coagulase +
  4. β Hemolysis
  5. Ferments Mannitol
  6. Salt tolerant
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63
Q

Periplasmic splace chx

A

G- only

Storage space housing β-lactamases

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64
Q

Diseases caused by C. perfreingens

A

Gas gangrene

Food poisoning

65
Q

Campylobacter jejuni disease

A

Gastroenteritis:

  1. Blood and puss in diarrhea
  2. Can lead to Guillain-Barre syndrome and Reactive Arthritis
66
Q

Pseduomonas in burn patients

A

GI colonization => skin => colonization of eschar => cellulitis (blue green pus) => septicemia

67
Q

H. pylori Dx:

A

Giemsa or Silver stain

68
Q

Listeria chx

A
  1. Gram + Rod
  2. Aerobic growth
  3. Exotoxin +
  4. Facultative intracellular
  5. Immuno Compromised hosts
69
Q

Corynebacterium chx

A
  1. Gram + Rod
  2. Aerobic growth
  3. Exotoxin +
70
Q

Bacillus chx

A
  1. Gram + Rod
  2. Sopre +
  3. Aeorbic Growth
  4. Exotoxin +
71
Q

Clostridium chx

A
  1. Gram + rod
  2. Spore +
  3. Exotoxin +
72
Q

Vibrio cholerae features

A
  1. Gram- curved rod with polar flagella
  2. Oxidase +
  3. Growth on Alkaline
  4. Shooting star motility
73
Q

Haemophilus influenzae features

A

Gram- pleomorphic rod

Requres factors X and V to growh

74
Q

Yersinia pestis features

A

Gram- rod with bipolar staining

Facultative intracellular

Coagulase +

75
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae features

A

Gram- rod

Capsule

Lactose fermenting

76
Q

Proteus features

A

Gram- rod

Flagella/highly motile

Non-lactose fermenting

Urease positive

77
Q

Shigella features

A

Gram- rod

Non-lactose fermenter

78
Q

Salmonella features

A

Gram- rod

Non-lactose fermenter

Motile

79
Q

Pseudomonas general freatures

A

Gram- rods

Oxidase positive

Aerobic

80
Q

Bordetella pertussis features

A

Gram- rods

Strict Aerobes

Encapsulated

81
Q

Francisella tularensis features

A
  1. Gram- small rod
  2. Facultative intracellular
  3. Found in many wild animals: rabbits, deer, and rodents
82
Q

H. pylori features

A
  1. Gram- spiral bacilli with Flagella
  2. Microaerophilic: growis at 37.0oC
  3. Oxidase positive
  4. Urase positive
83
Q

General features of Neisseria

A

Gram-

Diplococci with flattened sides

Oxidase postive

84
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae distinguishing features

A

Gray-to-black colonies of club-shaped gram+ rods

85
Q

S. pyogenes chx

A
  1. Group A Strep
  2. β-Hemolysis
  3. Bacitracin S
  4. M protein
  5. PYR positive
86
Q

S. agalactiae chx

A
  1. Group B Strep
  2. β-Hemolysis
  3. Bacitracin R
  4. CAMP +
87
Q

Tertiary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) clinical

A
  1. Gummas
  2. Aortitis
  3. CNS inflammation
88
Q

Enteric pathogens grow on what medium?

A
  1. Hektoen enteric agar (D)
  2. Xylos-lysine-deoxycholate agar
89
Q

Pseudomonas in adults causes

A
  1. Hot tub folliculitis
  2. Eye ulcers
  3. Transient GI colonization: loose stools
90
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi reservoir

A

Human genitals

91
Q

Pathogenesis of S. pyogenes

A
  1. Hyaluronic acid: non-immunogenic
  2. M-Protein: Antiphagocytic, Associated with acute glomerulonephritis
92
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome clinical symptoms

A

Hypotension

Scarlatiniform rash that desquamates on pams and soles

93
Q

4 phases of B. pertussis

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Catarrhal
  3. Paroxysmal
  4. Convalescent
94
Q

Chlamydia pathogenesis

A

Infection of nonciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells of mucosal surfaces leads to granulomatous response and damage

95
Q

S. aureus disease presentations

A
  1. Infective endocarditis
  2. Abscesses
  3. TSS
  4. Gastroenteritis (toxin A)
  5. Lesions, Pyoderma, Impetigo
  6. Osteomyelitis
96
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii pathogenesis

A

Invade endothelial cells lining capillaries causing vasculitis in many organs including brain, liver, skin, lungs, kidney, and GI

97
Q

Shigella pathogenesis

A

Invade M cells, replicates, and polymerize actin jet trails to go LATERALLY to other cells. Causeing shallow ulcers

98
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi pathogenesis

A

Invades skin and spreads via the bloodstream to involve primarly the heart, joints, and CNS

99
Q

Alpha toxin of C. perfringens action

A
  1. Is a lecithinase
  2. Disrupts membranes
  3. Damages RBC, Platelets, WBC and Endothelial cells
100
Q

CEEK

A

Lactose fermenters

Citrobacter

Enterobacter

E. Coli
Klebsiella

101
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi features

A

Large spirochetes

Gram-

Found in white-footed mice and white-tailed deer

102
Q

What form of M. leprae will you have a high # of organisms

A

Lepromatous (foam cells totally filled)

103
Q

Vibrio cholerae grows on what medium

A

Likes Alkaline growth medium

TCBS (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile salts Sucrose agar) (S)

104
Q

Listeria pathogenesis

A

Listeriolysin O: rapid egress from phagogosome into cytoplasm

105
Q

What is the primary target of Pseduomonas

106
Q

Corynebacterium grows on what agar?

A
  1. Löffler’s coagulated serum (S)
  2. Tellurite agar (D)
107
Q

Mycobacterium grows on what medium?

A

Löwenstein-Jensen medium (S)

108
Q

Outer membrane composition

A
  1. LPS: Endotoxin
  2. Lipid A: Toxic
  3. Polysaccharide: Immunogenic
109
Q

Bacterial pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae treatment

A

macrolides

110
Q

Secondary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) clinical

A
  1. Maculopapular (copper-colored) rash includes palms and soles
  2. Patchy alopecia
  3. Condyloma lata
111
Q

Cardiolipin found in

A

Mammalian mitochondrial membrane and in treponemes

112
Q

CSF profile with pt with S. pneumoniae meningitis

A
  1. Many PMN
  2. Decrease Glucose
  3. Increase protein
113
Q

Disease caused by H. influenzae

A
  1. Meningitis
  2. Otitis media
  3. Bronchitis
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Epiglottitis
114
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae features

A

Missing peptidoglycan (NO CELL WALL)

Sterols in membrane

“Fried-egg” colonies on Eaton’s media

115
Q

Oligate aerobe organisms

A
  1. Mycobacterium
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. Bacillus
116
Q

S. aureus treatment

A

Nafcillin/oxacillin DOC

MRSA: Vanco

VRSA: -Pristin

117
Q

Three activities of Shag toxin

A

Neurotoxic

Cytotoxic

Enterotoxic

118
Q

ShYPS

A

Non-lactose fermenters

Shigella (Nonmotile)

Yersina (Nonmotile)

Proteus (Motile)

Salmonella (Motile)

119
Q

Primary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) clinical

A

nontender chancre

120
Q

Actinomyces israelii reservoir

A

Normal flora of gingival crevices and female genital tract

121
Q

Enterobacteriaceae Antigens

A
  • O: cell envelope
  • H: Flagellar antigen
  • K: capsular polysaccharide antigen
  • Vi (virulence): Salmonella capsular antigen
122
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis features

A
  1. Obligate intracellular
  2. Has Elementary (infective) and reticulate (metabolically active) body
  3. Cannot make own ATP
  4. Cell wall lacks muramic acid
123
Q

Community acquired pneumonia due to Klebsiella found with

A

Older males

Pts of either Chronic lung disease, alcoholism, or diabetes

124
Q

Non typhi Salmonella and sickle cell

A

Osteomyelitis

125
Q

Pneumolysin O

A
  1. Pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae
  2. Damages respiratory epithelium
  3. Inhibits leukocyte repiratory burst and inhibits classical complement fixation
126
Q

Gardnerella Dx:

A

pH>4.5

Clue cells (epithelial cells covered with bacteria)

127
Q

Scarlet fever due to S. pyogenes symptoms

A
  1. Pharangitis
  2. Sandpaper rash (palms and soles spared)
  3. Circumolar pallor
  4. Strawberry tongue
  5. Nausea/vomiting
128
Q

S. pyogenes disease presentation

A
  1. Pharyngitis
  2. Scarlet fever
  3. Pyoderma/impetigo
  4. Suppurative Lesions
  5. Rheumatic fever
  6. Acute glomerulonephritis
129
Q

S. pyogenes disease presentation

A
  1. Pharyngitis
  2. Scarlet fever
  3. Pyoderma/impetigo
  4. Suppurative Lesions
  5. Rheumatic fever
  6. Acute glomerulonephritis
130
Q

N. gonorrhoeae pathogenesis

A
  1. Pili: attachment, inhibits phagocytic uptake and has over 1 million variants
  2. Outer Membrane Proteins: IgA protease
131
Q

Pneumonia caused by S. aureus clinical symptoms

A
  1. Productive with rapid onset
  2. High rate of necrosis
  3. High fatality
  4. Salmon-colored sputum
132
Q

C. diphtheriae diseases

A
  1. Pseduomembrane on throat
  2. Bull neck
  3. Myocarditits
  4. Cardiac dysfunciton
  5. Reccurent laryngeal nerve palsy
133
Q

What is used to Dx B. pertussis

A

Regan-Lowe or Bordet-Gengou

134
Q

Microaerophilic chx

A

Require low but not full oxygen tension

135
Q

Obligate aerobes chx

A
  • Require Oxygen
  • No fermentative pathways
  • Generally produce superoxide dismutase
136
Q

Cholera symptoms

A

Rice water stool

Tremendous fluid loss

Hypovolemic shock

137
Q

N. meningitidis prophylaxis

138
Q

Tuberculoid CMI

A

Srong CMI: Th1

139
Q

Congenital Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) clinical

A
  1. Stillbirth
  2. Keratitis
  3. 8th nerve damage
  4. notched teeth
  5. widespread desquamating maculopapular rash
140
Q

Stage 1 lyme disease

A

Target rash

141
Q

Neisseria from site with normal flora grows on what medium?

A

Thayer-Martin selective medium (S)

142
Q

Treponema pallidum features

A

Thin spirochete

Outer membrane has endotoxin-like lipds

143
Q

Anaerobes grow on what medium

A

Thioglycolate

144
Q

Transmission of Francisella tularensis

A

Tick bite: ulceroglandular disease

Traumatic implantation: while skinning rabbits

145
Q

C. difficile pathogenesis

A
  • Toxin A: enterotoxin damaging mucosa leading to fluid increase and granulocyte attractant
  • Toxin B: cytotoxin: Cytopathic
146
Q

Which form of M. leprae will you have lepromin skin test +

A

Tuberculoid

147
Q

PITcH

A

Types of E. coli

Pediatric: EPEC

Inflammatory: EIEC

Traveler: ETEC

coli

Hamburger: EHEC

148
Q

Listeria reservoir

A

Unpasteruized milk products

Cold Growth

149
Q

How does Proteus cause kidney stones

A

Urease raises urine pH

150
Q

Nagler reaction

A

Used to identifiy C. perfringens

Egg yolk agar

One side has Anti-α-toxin

151
Q

Gardnerella symptoms

A

Vaginal odor, increase discharge (thin, gray fluid)

Increase with increase vaginal pH

152
Q

Examples of nontreponemal Ab screening test

A

Veneral disease research lab (VDRL)

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

Automated reagin test (ART)

Recombinant antigen test (ICE)

153
Q

Pseduomonas reservoir

154
Q

Lepromatous CMI

A

Weak CMI: Th2

155
Q

Legionella general features

A
  • Weak Gram- pleomorphic rod requiring cysteine and iron
  • Water organism
  • Facultative intracellular
156
Q

Haemophilus needs what to grow?

A
  1. X (protoporphyrin)
  2. V (NAD)
157
Q

Viridans chx

A
  • α-Hemolytic
  • Optochin R
158
Q

S. pneumoniae chx

A
  • α-Hemolytic
  • Optochin S
  • Lysed by bile

Microbology (6 decks)

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