Bacteria Flashcards
Catarrhal phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis
1-2 wks
Rhinorrhea, malaise, sneezing, anorexia
Paroxysmal phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis
2-4 wks
Repetitive cough with whoops, vomiting, leukocytosis
Convalescent phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis
3-4 wks
Diminished paroxysmal cough, development of secondary complication (pneumonia, seizure, encephalopathy)
Incubation phase time and symptoms of B. pertussis
7-10 days
No symptoms
Pharyngitis due to S. pyogenes symptoms
- Abrupt onset of Sore throat, fever, malaise, and headache
- Tonsillar abscesses
- Tender Anterior Cervical LN
Oligate anaerobes organisms
- Actinomyces
- Bacteroides
- Clostridum
Action of B. pertussis toxins
- Adenylate cyclase toxin: impairs leukocyte chemotaxis causes local edema
- Tracheal cytotoxin: interferes with ciliary action, kills ciliated cells
- Pertussis toxin: ADP riboxylation of Gi
Rickettsia features
Aerobic, gram- bacilli that are too small to stain
Obligate intracellular (do not make enough ATP)
S. agalactiae treatment
Amilcillin with AG or Cephalosporin
Otitis media and sinusitis due to S. pneumoniae treatment
Amoxicillin, erythromycin
Clostridium perfringens distinguishing features
- Anaerobic: Stormy fermentation in milk media
- Double zone of hemolysis
Actinomyces israelii distinguishing features
Anaerobic
Branching rods
Non-acid fast
Pasteurella multocida transmission
Animal bite
Mycoplasma pathogenesis
- Attaches to Resp epithelium via P1 protein
- Inhibits ciliary action
- Produces hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals and cytolytic enzymes that damage resp epith
- Acts as a Superantigen
mycobacterium tuberculosis distinguishing features
- Auramine-rhodamine staining bacilli (fluorescent apple green)
- Acid fast
- Aerobic
- Produces Niacin
- Produces a heat-sensitive catalase
H. ducreyi treatment
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
Ciprofloxacin
Endospores are found in
Bacillus
Clostridium
Stage 3 lyme disease
- Bell palsy
- Headache
- meningitis
- conjunctivitis
- palpitations
- arrhythmias
- myocarditis
- pericarditis
- Arthritis
Lyme disease caused by
Borrelia burgdorferi
What causes dirty gray pseudomembrane on oropharynx?
C. diphtheriae
Toxins that Increase cAMP
C: Cholera
A: Anthrax
Σ: E. coli
P: Pertussis
Microaerophilic organisms
- Campylobacter
- Helicobacter
Biggest contrast between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae
- Capsule
- Respiratory port of entry
- Maltose fermentation
S. pneumoniae pathogenesis
- Capsule: virulence factor
- IgA protease
- Teichoic acid
- Pneumolysin O: hemolysin/cytolysin
Pathogenesis of E. coli causing neonatl septicemia/meningitis
Casule- K1 serotype
S. saprophyticus chx
- Catalase +
- γ-Hemolysis
- Novobiocin R
S. epidermidis chx
- Catalase +
- γ-Hemolysis
- Novobiocin S
All strep are
Catalase and Coagulase negative
Walking pneumonia
Caused by Mycoplasma
Pharyngitis
May develop into atypical pneumonia with persistent hack
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
- Hadache, fever
- Rash that starts on ankles and writs and then spreads to trunk, palms, soles and face
- Ankle and wrist swelling
Typhoid fever
- Caused by Salmonella typhi
- Infection begins in ileocecal region
- Travel via mesenteric LN and blood
- Replicates in macrophage
- If untreated causes necrosis of Peyer patches
Bubonic plague
- Caused by Yersinia pestis
- Rapidly increasing fever
- Regional buboes
- Conjunctivitis
Listeria and renal transplant
Causes adult Meningitis
H. influenzae treatment
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
Adult meningitis due to S. pneumoniae treatment
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime
Legionella grows on what medium?
Charcoal-yeast extract (S)
Neisseria (from normal sterile sites) and Haemophilus grow on what medium?
Chocolage agar
Thayer-Martin medium is
Chocolate agar with Vacno, Nystatin and colistin to inhibit the normal flora
Mycoplasma needs what to grow?
- Cholesterol
- Purines
- Pyrimidines
Bacillus anthracis treatment
Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
Transmission of Mycoplasma
Close contact respiratory
Yersinia enterocolitica special feature
Cold growth
S. pneumoniae disease presentations
- Community acquired pneumonia
- Adult meningitis
- Otitis media and Sinusitis in children
S. aureus contaminated foods
Custard pastries
Potato salad
Canned meat
Primary stage of Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) DX:
Dark-field or fluorescent micro
How do you Dx. Legionella
Direct fluorescent antibody on biopsy and Dieterle silver stain
Elek test
Document C. diphtheriae toxin production
Toxin producing strains diffuse away from growth
Granulomatosis infantisepticum
Early-onset of neonatal listeria infection
Disseminated granulomas with central necrosis
Organisms associated with animal bites
- Eikenella corrodens: human causing Cellulitis
- Capnocytophaga canimorsus: Dog causing Cellulitis
- Bartonella henselae: Cats and dogs causing Cat Scratch Fever
Pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum
enarteritis resulting in lesions
Enteric bacteria grow on what medium?
- Eosin mthylene blue (D)
- MacConkeys (D)
TB pathogenesis
- Facultative intracellular
- Sulfatides: inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
- Cord factor: causes serpentine growth inhibiting leukocyte migration
- Tuberculin: delayed HS and CMI: Granulomas
Stage 2 Lyme disease
- Fatigue
- Chills and fever
- Headache
- Muscle and joint pain
- Swollen LN
- Secondary annular skin lesion
Campylobacter jejuni transmission
Fecal-oral
PRIMARILY from Poultry
How does B. pertussis attach to nasopharyngeal ciliated epithelial cells
- Filamentous hemagglutinin
- Pertussis toxin
Teichoic acid chx
- Found in G + only
- Chemical of Cell wall
- Immunogenic, induces TNF-α and IL-1
- Used for Attachment
What needs cysteine to grow?
- Francisella
- Brucella
- Legionella
- Pasteurella
Bacillus cereus transmission
Fried rice
Confirm nontreponemal Ab screening test with
FTA-ABS
Outer membrane found in
G - only
Outer membrane found in
G - only
S. aureus chx
- G+ Cocci
- Catalase +
- Coagulase +
- β Hemolysis
- Ferments Mannitol
- Salt tolerant
Periplasmic splace chx
G- only
Storage space housing β-lactamases