Bacte Lec: Mycoplasma Flashcards
Characteristics of mycoplasma:
● Simplest and tiniest self-replicating prokaryotes
● Membrane-bound bags of protoplasm with ribosomes
● Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
● Class Mollicutes (soft-skin)
● Parasitic on cells of higher species (highly adapted parasites)
● Niche in vertebrate host is mucosal surface of different body sites
Is Mycoplasma DNA or RNA?
dsDNA
What class is Mycoplasma?
Mollicutes (soft-skin)
T/F: Mycoplasma are commensal of animals.
False: Parasitic on cells of higher species (highly adapted parasites)
T/F: Mycoplasma are complex bacteria that self-replicate
False: Simplest and tiniest self-replicating prokaryotes
What is the first isolated Mycoplasma?
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, a debilitating disease of cattle; Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms (PPLO)
What is called the covering of mycoplasmas with host antigens.
“capping”
What antigen becomes incorporated onto surface of host cell?
Mycoplasmal protein antigen
Morphology of mycoplasma:
They are extremely pleomorphic: cocci, filalements, spirals, rings, globules, and granules.
T/F: Mycoplasma has a tough cell wall, composed of Glycogen.
False: They exhibit plasticity due to lack of cell wall.
Basic shape of mycoplasma?
Cocci
Filamentous form of mycoplasma?
Transient
What gives the mycoplasma its ability to change shape?
Contractile protein resembling actin
What does mycoplasma contractile protein do?
Resembles actin and gliding motility
What methods are used in mycoplasma?
Giemsa, Castaneda, Dienes (pink or purple)
What membrane does mycoplasma have?
Trilaminar
What species of mycoplasma is covered with capsular polysaccharide?
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides
Some mycoplasma exhibit specialized tip structures or called?
Polar bleb
Mycoplasma require this for growth
Require cholesterol or sterols for growth (serum)
This substance regulates membrane fluidity during changes in growth and temperature.
Cholesterol
It is a necessary ingredient for membrane synthesis
Cholesterol
What condition requirement does mycoplasma need to grow?
Anaerobic condition atmosphere of 10% CO2 or pH 7.6-8.0
Typical colony of mycoplasma exhibits?
fried egg appearance: flat transparent ring with central granular area embedded in agar
What is the source of energy for mycoplasma with non-fermentative strains
Arginine degradation
T/F: Mycoplasma synthesizes purine and pyrimidine bases
False: Cannot synthesize purine and pyrimidine bases
Mycoplasma in cattle are commensals found in?
commensals of bovine mucous membranes, pathogens of respiratory tract, ocular, mammary and urogenital tissues
What are the two subspecies of M. mycoides
capri and mycoides
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides causes?
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
Morphology of CBPP
Rho forms (cells with axial fibers and a terminal swelling)
CBPP has colony forms of?
Small & Large type
CBPP colony type not visible until after 3 days on BAP (diameter no greater than 0.1 mm)
Small colony type
CBPP colony type that is visible at 2 days (diameter 0.4-0.7 mm; seldom in cattle, usually in goats)
Large colony type
Antigens of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides
Capsular galactan and membrane proteins
What does galactan do?
Protects preciptinogen
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides are usually found in what animals?
Obligate parasite of cattle and water buffaloes
CBPP is transmitted via?
droplet inhalation (close and prolonged contact required); placenta and shed in the urine
Where does CPBB spread?
Shed in the urine
Two types of CBPP pathogenesis forms
Acute and chronic
CBPP that causes respiratory distress
Acute
CBPP that causes moist cough, fever, nasal discharge, reluctant to move
Chronic
T/F: Infected lung foci becomes encapsulated.
True
In CBPP pleural cavity contains how many liters of fluid?
15-20 liters
What is the deposit of inflamed lung in CBPP?
Thin deposit of fibrin
What diagnosis is used for samples?
dark field or phase microscopy
Mycoplasma that causes: mastitis, abortion, reproductive system
M. alkalescens
Mycoplasma that causes: hydrolyzes arginine, common commensal of mucosal surface of ruminants
M. arginini
Mycoplasma that causes: genital tract of heifers and seminal fluid of bulls; commensal of genital tract
M. bovigenitalium
Mycoplasma that causes: parasitic commensal of bovine respiratory tract
M. bovirhinis
Mycoplasma that causes:acute, rapidly spreading mastitis
M. bovis
What are the mycoplasma in Goats and Sheep:
M. agalactiae and M. capricolum
Mycoplasma that causes: contagious agalactiae
M. agalactiae
Mycoplasma that causes septicemia, polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, mastitis in goat and sheep?
M. carpicolum
Mycoplasma in Swine
M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, & M. hyosynoviae
Mycoplasma that causes Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs (EPP)
M. hyopneumoniae
M. hyopneumoniae is found only in this body part.
Lives only in respiratory tract of pigs
T/F: M. hyopneumoniae survives in a long period in the external environment/
False: survives only briefly in external environment
Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs occurs in what age of pigs?
3-10 weeks of age
Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs clinical signs:
Transient diarrhea, Dry cough that lasts for a few weeks or persists indefinitely
M. hyopneumoniae adheres to these surfaces causing ciliostasis
adhere to bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial surfaces of lungs
Enzootic Pneumonia in Pigs lesions are characterized by?
Lesions are hepatized purplish or grayish pneumonic areas in apical or cardiac lobes
Mycoplasma that normal inhabitant of nasopharynx of swine
M. hyorhinis
Is the only mycoplasma in poultry
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Causes chronic respiratory disease and infectious sinusitis in turkey.
M. gallisepticum
M. gallisepticum characteristics
Ovoid with characteristic polar bleb which serves as adhesion organ
M. gallisepticum is spread via?
Spread by aerosol, by contact and via the eg
Signs of M. gallisepticum
Tracheal rales, nasal discharge and coughing
