Bacte Lec: Actinobacillus Flashcards
Charactersitics of Actinobacillus?
● gram-negative
● nonmotile
● small rods and coccobacilli
● non-spore-forming
● facultatively anaerobic
● fermentative
● require complex nutrients for growth
● commensals on the mucous membranes of the respiratory and genitourinary tracts.
● Infections may be endogenous or exogenous
Actinobacillus motility:
Nonmotile
Actinobacillus shape
small rods and coccobacilli
Does Actinobacillus form spores?
non-spore-forming
Actinobacillus are commensals of?
Commensals on the mucous membranes of the respiratory and genitourinary tracts
Actinobacillus that cause: actinobacillosis in cattle and sheep
A. lignieresii
Actinobacillus that cause: foal septicemia
A. equuli
Actinobacillus that cause: contagious pleuropneumonia of pigs
A. pleuropnemoniae
Actinobacillus that cause: epididymitis in young rams (a disease resembling that caused by Brucella ovis) and purulent polyarthritis and gangrenous mastitis in sheep
A. seminist
Actinobacillus that cause: pneumonia in calves and seminal vesiculitis in bulls. It is probably identical to Haemophilus somnus
A. actinoides
Actinobacillus that cause: oviduct and respiratory tract of chickens, occasionally causes salpingitis and peritonitis
A. salpingitidis
Actinobacillus that cause: septicemia and other infectious processes in pigs
A. suis
Actinobacillus that cause: arthritis in rabbits
A. capsulatus
The following species cause significant disease in animals:
A. lignieresii
A. equuli
A. pleuropnemoniae
A. seminist
A. actinoides
A. salpingitidis
A. suis
A. capsulatus
The following species are of minor significance:
A. ureae
A. minor, A. indolicus, and A. porcinus
A. muris
A. scotiae
A. delphinicola
A. succinogenes
A. rosii
Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans
Actinobacillus that are found on humans
A. ureae (formerly Pasteurella ureae
Actinobacillus that are commensals of the upper respiratory tract of pigs
A. minor, A. indolicus, and A. porcinus
Actinobacillus that are found on mice
A. muris
Actinobacillus that are found on porpoises
A. scotiae
Actinobacillus that are found on bovine rumen
A. succinogenes
Actinobacillus that are found on vagina of postparturient sows
A. rosii
Actinobacillus that are found on sea mammals
A. delphinicola
Actinobacillus that occurs as a comensal in the alimentary tract of cattle:
A. lignieresii
How many serotypes A. lignieresii
6 serotypes (somatic antigens) have been identified
Mode of entry of A. lignieresii
It gains entrance to the oral mucosa through injuries
A. lignieresii is mostly common in what animal?
most commonly in cattle, less commonly in sheep
Signs of A. lignieresii are?
multiple, granulomatous abscesses, most frequently around the head and neck region
A. lignieresii infections spread via?
lymphatics
What are the lesions caused by A. lignieresii in the tongue?
tongue (wooden tongue)
Rarely, where does granulomatous abscesses occur in A. lignieresii?
Rarely, granulomatous abscesses occur in the udder of the sow
Direct examination of A. lignieresii
Small, Gram-negative rods are demonstrable within granules
In A. lignieresii what are the characteristics in blood agar/serum?
serum or blood agar and incubated at 37°C; 10% CO
What are given orally to treat A. lignieresii?
Potassium iodide given orally is useful in reducing inflammation
Causes acute, suppurative bronchopneumonia and infected horse- and sheep-bite wounds have been reported in humans
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Actinobacillus that is found in intestinal tract of horses
A. equuli
A. equuli mode of infection:
Ingestion or inhalation via umbilicus or across the placenta
What parasite carries A. equuli into arteries?
Stronglylus larvae
In A. equuli what is the duration does this disease develop in foals?
Many foals develop infection disease within a few hours or days of birth.
In A. equuli those dying within 24 hours of life have ____?
Those dying within 24 hours of life have a severe enteritis
In A. equuli those living for several days may develop:
- purulent nephritis
- meningitis
- pneumonia
- septic arthritis (joint-ill or sleepy foal disease).
A. equuli in older horses causes?
o lameness caused by purulent arthritis
o infected aneurysms leading in some instances to systemic involvement
o infrequent abortion
o nephritis
o peritonitis (colic)
o endocarditis
A. equuli in swine causes?
Septic arthritis, endocarditis, suppurative nephritis, septicemia, and mastitis
What causes swine pleuropneumonia?
A. pleuropneumoniae
It is a commensal of the upper respi. tract of some pigs:
A. pleuropneumoniae
A. pleuropneumoniae is transmitted via?
direct and indirect contact; infection is via the respiratory tract and most commonly by inhalation
A. pleuropneumoniae usually affects what age of pigs?
most frequently in pigs 2-6 months of age
A. pleuropneumoniae form that is severe fibrinous pleuropneumonia:
Acute respiratory infection form:
A. pleuropneumoniae form that characterized by pleurisy, pleural adhesions, pulmonary sequestration and abscessation.
Chronic respiratory infection
What divides the A. pleuropneumoniae into a numebr of serotypes?
The capsular polysaccharides
The capsule of A. pleuropneumoniae has what properties?
Capsule has antiphagocytic properties
Factor of A. pleuropneumoniae that causes adherence of the organism to the cells of the porcine respiratory tract
Lipopolysaccharaide
Pore-forming toxins of A. pleuropneumoniae resembles?
Resemble the alpha hemolysin of Escherichia coli).
A. pleuropneumoniae will bind only protein
porcine transferrin (transferrin is a protein that binds to iron)
A. pleuropneumoniae: Most trains require this factor.
require the V factor (NAD), which can be supplied by yeast extract or a staphylococcus streak
A. pleuropneumoniae colonies are characterized by:
2 colony types, both are hemolytic:
1. a round, “waxy” type
2. a flat, soft, glistening variety
T/F: A. pleuropneumoniae is negative in CAMP test
False: It is positive in CAMP reaction and seen with a b-toxin producing staphylococcus.
What test in A. pleuropneumoniae used for identifcation of capsular antigens:
rapid latex agglutination
This is actinobacillus that are commensal in the tonsils and on mucous membranes of the respiratory and genital tracts of pigs
A. suis
A. suis route of infection
upper digestive or respiratory tracts and the umbilicus
A. suis signs
Bacteremia or septicemia may occur from the initial infection
A. suis in young pig causes?
Acute septicemia
A. suis in older pigs causes?
arthritis, pneumonia, pericarditis, nephritis, meningitis, and metritis
