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Internship 2025 > Bacte Doc Alyca Flashcards > Flashcards

Bacte Doc Alyca Flashcards

1
Q

The test is used to initially differentiate the specieStaphylococcus:

A

Coagulase Test

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2
Q

KS, 20 years old, was admitted due to high fever,rash with desquamation of the hands and soles ofthe feet, and hypotension. On further history, she iscurrently on her third day of menses and prefers touse tampons. What is/are responsible for thesymptoms of the patient?

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxinEnterotoxin

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3
Q

YS, 3 days old, delivered via Normal SpontaneousVaginal Delivery in your hospital was admitted tothe neonatal ICU because of generalized rashesthat appear burn-like. What is the toxin that isresponsible for the sloughing of the epidermis thatproduces a burn-like effect to the patient?

A

Exfoliative toxin (Epidermolytictoxin)

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4
Q

What is the organism responsible for the symptomsof YS?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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5
Q

What is the diagnosis of YS?

A

Scalded skin syndromeRitter’s disease

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6
Q

In the lab, you received a wound swab for culture.On gram staining, you see gram-positive cocci inclusters with numerous polymorphonuclear cells inthe background. On cultivation on SBA,isolatesproduced smooth, yellow-orange colonies that arebeta-hemolytic. What is the pigment responsible forthe color production of the isolates?

A

Staphyloxanthin

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7
Q

MJ, 27 years old, sexually active, is currentlyexperiencing painful urination, low back pain, andurinary frequency. On consult, she was diagnosedwith urinary tract infection. What is the organismresponsible?

A

Catalase-positive, coagulasenegative, novobiocin resistant(S. saprophyticus)

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8
Q

CS, 35 years old, female, known smoker, alcoholicbeverage drinker, and IV drug user has beendiagnosed with acute endocarditis since 2015. Whatis the risk factor present in the history thatpredisposes the patient to develop the disease

A

IV Drug user

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9
Q

The organism that is responsible for the disease hasthe following characteristics:

A

Gram-positive cocci in clusters,beta-hemolytic on sheepbloodagar, ferments mannitol,coagulase positive, catalasepositive

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10
Q

What is the most common heart valve involved?

A

Tricuspid valve

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11
Q

What is/are the type of coagulase thatis/are being detected on the Tube Coagulase Test

A

Free coagulase

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12
Q

Staphylococcus aureus produces the followinginfections:

A

Folliculitis
Furuncles
Carbuncles
Impetigo

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13
Q

Risk factors associated with coagulase- negativeStaphylococci:

A

Slime layer
Peptidoglycan
Biofilm

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14
Q

This facilitates the attachment of the organism to theimplanted medical devices

A

Slime layer
biofilm

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15
Q

It gives Staphylococcus epidermidis the ability toacquire resistance to most antimicrobials:

A

Slime layer, biofilm

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16
Q

Habitat of Group A Streptococcus:

A

Skin
Upper respiratory tract of humans

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17
Q

This virulence factor is not present in any otherStreptococci Lancefield groups:

A

M Protein

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18
Q

Organism/s that produce a positive CAMP Test:

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae

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19
Q

Approach to identification of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Tumbling motility on nutrientbroth
Umbrella pattern on semi solid media at room temperature
Cold enrichment

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20
Q

Bacillus anthracis will present/s with:

A

Cutaneous anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Injectional anthrax

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21
Q

This organism is the most common bacterial causeof Acute pharyngitiis

A

Gram-positive cocci in chains, beta-hemolytic on sheep blood agar, Bacitracin sensitive, PYR positive (S.pyogenes)

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22
Q

This test is used to differentiate Group BStreptococcus from other streptococcal species

A

CAMP Test

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23
Q

You are on duty at the microbiology laboratory andreceived 5 mL of CSF for gram-staining, culture andantibiotic susceptibility testing. On gram staining,you saw gram-positive lancet shaped cocci. Whattest is used to detect the capsule of the organism?

A

Quellung test

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24
Q

Catalase-positive, coagulase negative, novobiocin resistant

A

S. Saprophyticus

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25
Q

Catalase-positive, coagulase negative, beta-hemolytic, mannitol fermenter

A

S. areus

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26
Q

Indole positive, methyl red positive, VP negative,citrate negative, lactose fermenter

A

E. Coli

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27
Q

Gram-positive cocci in cluster, catalase positive,coagulase negative, novobiocin sensitive

A

S. Epidermis

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28
Q

Gram-positive cocci in chains, beta-hemolytic onsheep blood agar, Bacitracin resistant, PYR negative

A

S. Agalactiae

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29
Q

Gram-positive cocci in clusters, non-hemolytic onsheep blood agar, catalase positive, coagulasenegative, Novobiocin sensitive

A

S. Epidermidis

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

Gram-positive cocci in clusters, beta-hemolytic onsheep blood agar, ferments mannitol, coagulasepositive, catalase positive

A

S. Aureus

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32
Q

String test

A

Vibrio

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33
Q

Factor/s that limit sterilization, disinfection, ordecontamination:

A

Exposure time
Organic load
Presence of biofilm

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34
Q

Physical method/s of disinfection:

A

Boiling
Pasteurizing

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35
Q

Anticoagulant/s used in the microbiologylaboratory:

A

SPS
Heparin

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36
Q

This/These agar media is/are found to work best forrecovery of Bordatella pertussis:

A

Regan-Lowe

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37
Q

Acceptable specimen sites for Bordatella pertussisculture:

A

Nasopharyngeal swab only

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38
Q

Clinical specimen/s unsuitable for anaerobic culture:

A

Expectorated sputum
Rectal swabs
Vaginal swabs

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39
Q

Approach to identification of Clostridium tetani:

A

Rods with terminal spores
Swarming colonies

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40
Q

Clostridium botulinum is/are acquired by:

A

Improperly preserved foodhoney

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41
Q

Mycobacteria that occur in humans that is/arecapable of causing tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium africanum

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42
Q

This/These finding/s is/are seen in tertiary syphilis:

A

Neurosyphilis
Rashes on the palms and soles of the feet
Gummas

43
Q

DNA viruses

A

Adenoviridae
Parvoviridae

44
Q

All DNA viruses that have linear DNA except

A

Papilloma virus
Hepadna virus

45
Q

Case analysis:RA, 30 years old, female, came in because of anulcer on her right arm for 7 days. On further historytaking, she works in a ranch mostly tending tosheep.Organism present: Bacillus anthracisYou performed gram-staining on the woundsample, what do you expect to see?

A

Gram-positive rods in singlesor serpentine chains

46
Q

What is virulence factor that is primarily responsiblefor death is found in the organism (B. anthracis)

A

Lethal factor

47
Q

CO, 27 yrs old, male, came in because of diarrheaand abdominal pain. The patient claims that he onlyate reheated takeout food last night consisting ofChinese fried rice and spring rolls. What toxins areresponsible for the symptoms of CO?

A

Hemolysin BL

48
Q

Case analysis:AL, 5 years old, female, came in with complaints offever, pharyngitis, and dysphagia. On physicalexamination, you note a pseudomembrane on thenasopharynx.What is/are the selective media/s that is/are used toisolate the causative organism

A

Cystine-tellurite blood agar
Modified Tinsdale agar

49
Q

Case analysis:AL, 5 years old, female, came in with complaints offever, pharyngitis, and dysphagia. On physicalexamination, you note a pseudomembrane on thenasopharynx.

what is/are the component/s present inthe selective media, that is inhibitory to normalmicrobiota?

A

Potassium tellurite

50
Q

This medium is used to stimulate the growth of thecausative organism and the production ofmetachromatic granules

A

Loeffler’s medium

51
Q

Components of the loefflers medium

52
Q

What compound is present if there is a redcolor on the Voges Proskauer test?

53
Q

SP, 34 years old, female, came in due to vomiting,abdominal pain, and bloody stools. On furtherhistory taking, she claims that she attended abirthday barbecue yesterday where they wereserving burgers, hotdogs, and potato salad.What toxin is producing the bloody stools?

A

Shigella-like toxin

54
Q

What is the most likely causative organism of thecase?

A

EHEC Enterohemorrhagic E. coli: Bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagiccolitis, HUS (Hemolytic uremicsyndrome)

55
Q

The patient most likely contracted the organism via:

A

Undercooked meat

56
Q

Case analysis:PC, 83 years old, male, alcoholic, has beenadmitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for twoweeks. During the first week of his stay, heexperienced productive cough with thick bloodysputum described to be currant-jelly like in colorand consistency.

What is the risk factor present that predisposes thepatient to develop the disease?

A

Alcoholic
Prolonged ICU stay

57
Q

Case analysis:PC, 83 years old, male, alcoholic, has beenadmitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for twoweeks. During the first week of his stay, heexperienced productive cough with thick bloodysputum described to be currant-jelly like in colorand consistency.

What is most likely the causative agent?

A

Klebsiella

58
Q

PC, 83 years old, male, alcoholic, has beenadmitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for twoweeks. During the first week of his stay, heexperienced productive cough with thick bloodysputum described to be currant-jelly like in colorand consistency

what are the characteristics of this organism?

A

Contains a large polysaccharide capsule

59
Q

This organism has a predilection to the gallbladder:

60
Q

What test is used to differentiate Proteus mirabilisfrom Proteus vulgaris?

61
Q

P. Vulgaris Indole test result?

62
Q

P. Mirabilis Indole test result?

63
Q

What is the principle of the correct test in Indole test

A

Tests the ability of theorganism to producetryptophanase and deaminatetryptophan to indole, pyruvicacid, and ammonia

64
Q

What organism is associated with complicated UTI?

A

Proteus mirabilis

65
Q

This pigment is the key to identification ofSerratia marcesens:

A

Prodigiosin

66
Q

Case analysis:AL, 25 years old, male, came in due to complaints ofabdominal cramps and fever for the past 4 days. Hesaid that he developed watery stools that eventuallybecame bloody stools since yesterday.What is the most likely organism that will beisolated?

A

Shigella dysenteriae

67
Q

This is a blue phenazine pigment that is producedby this organism in order to damage cells

68
Q

Case analysis:RS, 80 years old, male, alcoholic, smoker,hypertensive, and diabetic has been admitted in theICU for 5 days, he is currently attached to aventilator, and is experiencing cough with productive sputum.

What is the most likely organism isolated onsputum?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

69
Q

Case analysis:RS, 80 years old, male, alcoholic, smoker,hypertensive, and diabetic has been admitted in theICU for 5 days, he is currently attached to aventilator, and is experiencing cough with productive sputum

What is the risk factor present that predisposes the patient to develop the disease?

A

Attached to ventilator

70
Q

This serotype is associated with cholera pandemics:

A

Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ElTor

71
Q

What type of motility is seen on dark-fieldmicroscopy of Vibrios

A

shooting star motility

72
Q

Tumbling motility

73
Q

Corkscrew motility

74
Q

Darting motility

A

Campylobacter

75
Q

What is being released during cell lysis in yourstring test?

76
Q

This is method will kill all forms of microbial lifeincluding endospores

A

Sterilization

77
Q

This is the safest method of sterilization

A

Incineration

78
Q

This method of sterilization is used forglassware:

79
Q

You noticed sparks from the wall socketused to plug in the refrigerator causing a fire tobreak out in the laboratory. What type of fireextinguisher should you use?

80
Q

In case of a fire remember RACE. What does Amean?

A

Alarm/activate

81
Q

What is the most commonly used biologic safetycabinet?

82
Q

These are pieces of DNA that move from onegenetic element to another and is unable toreplicate independently:

A

transposable elements (jumping genes)

83
Q

Case analysis:DN, 25 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto penile discharge. Physician requested a gramstain and culture of the penile discharge.77. On gram staining of the penile discharge, thisfinding is considered to be diagnostic:

A

Gram-negative intracellulardiplococci (N. gonorrhea)

84
Q

Case analysis:DN, 25 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto penile discharge. Physician requested a gramstain and culture of the penile discharge.77.

What is/are the carbohydrate utilization pattern/s ofthe organism?

A

Ferments glucose only

85
Q

What attenuated strain of mycobacteria is present inthe BCG vaccine?

A

Mycobacteria bovis

86
Q

This is the causative agent of Hansen disease:

A

Mycobacterium leprae

87
Q

This organism is the causative agent for the majorcause of preventable blindness worldwide:

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

88
Q

Case analysis:AA, 27 years old, male, sexually active, complains ofbeefy, erythematous, painless lesions that bleedeasily.What is the most likely isolated organism?

A

Klebsiella granulomatis (granuloma inguinale ordonovanosis)

89
Q

Described to cause community-acquired atypicalpneumonia that can occur singly or cause outbreaksin families and military recruit camps:

A

Mycoplasma pnuemoniae

90
Q

These are fungal infections that involve the hair, skin,and nails without direct invasion of deeper tissues:

A

superficial mycoses

91
Q

This dermatophyte is capable of invading the hair,skin, and nails:

A

Trichophyton

92
Q

The diagnostic tissue phase of this organism is large,thick-walled yeast with multiple buds, resembling aship’s wheel:

A

Paracoccidioides basiliensis

93
Q

The mycelial form of this fungus is a daisy head orflowerette of microconidia

A

Sporothrix spp.

94
Q

What is the causative agent of a characteristic rashthat is described to be dewdrop on a rose petalappearance?

A

Varicella zoster virus (Chickenpox)

95
Q

On histopathology, this causative agent willdemonstrate giant cells with Owl’s eye inclusions

A

Cytomegalovirus

96
Q

This is antigen that tells us how infective the patientis and its presence connotes high infectivity

97
Q

Appearance of this antigen will connote that thepatient is immune or cured

A

Anti-HbeAg

98
Q

This part of the viral structure surrounds andprotects the nucleic acid

A

Protein coat

99
Q

This step in viral replication is also termed asadsorption

A

Attachment

100
Q

Enveloped, single-stranded, negative sense RNAvirus that causes an acute generalized infectionaccompanied with a maculopapular rash. Bluishwhite spots can also be found on the buccalmucosa of the patient

A

Measles virus

101
Q

Based on your answer in number 86, what is thecharacteristic cytopathic effect seen:

A

Warthin-Finkeldey bodies

102
Q

Case analysis:ML, 38 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto a painful ulcer found on his genitals, he alsonoted several lesions surrounding his genital areaand inguinal lymphadenopathy.

What do you expect on gram staining of the ulcer?

A

Slender, coccobacillarydescribed as school of fish

103
Q

Case analysis:ML, 38 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto a painful ulcer found on his genitals, he alsonoted several lesions surrounding his genital areaand inguinal lymphadenopathy

what is the most likely organism isolated?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

104
Q

Case analysis:ML, 38 years old, male, sexually active, came in dueto a painful ulcer found on his genitals, he alsonoted several lesions surrounding his genital areaand inguinal lymphadenopathy

this organism is a normalinhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract?

Internship 2025 (8 decks)

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