Back-Up Flashcards
握手
あくしゅhandshake
一握
いちあくhandful
一握り
ひとにぎりhandful, small handful
客扱い
きゃくあつかいhospitality
取り扱い
とりあつかいtreatment, service, handling, management
依願
いがんin accordance with one’s request
依拠
いきょdependence
依然
いぜんstill, as yet, as it has been
依存
いそんdependence, dependent, reliance
依頼
いらいrequest, commission, dispatch, despatch
帰依
きえdevotion, (religious) conversion
威圧
いあつcoercion, overpowering、to overpower, to overawe, to daunt
威儀
いぎdignity, majesty, dignified manner
威厳
いげんdignity, majesty, solemnity, gravity
威勢
いせいpower, might, authority
威力
いりょくpower, might, authority, influence
権威
けんいauthority, power, influence
威張る
いばるto put on airs, to act big, to throw one’s weight about, to be overbearing, to be domineering, to be bossy, to be pushy, to be proud, to be haughty, to be arrogant, to swagger, to boast, to brag
為政
いせいgoverning, administering
有為転変
ういてんぺんmutability (of worldly affairs), fleeting shifts and changes (of human life)
作為
さくいartificiality、act, commission (of a crime)
人為
じんいhuman work, human agency, art, artificiality
無為
むいidleness, inactivity
為替
かわせexchange (e.g. foreign)
偉観
いかんmagnificent sight
偉業
いぎょうgreat enterprise, exploits
偉大
いだいgreatness
偉容
いようdignity, majestic appearance
偉力
いりょくpower, might, authority, influence
違反
いはんviolation (of law), transgression, infringement, breach
違法
いほうillegal, illegality, invalid, unlawfulness
違和感
いわかんuncomfortable feeling, feeling out of place, sense of discomfort
相違
そういdifference, discrepancy, variation
維持
いじmaintenance, preservation, improvement
維新
いしんreformation, revolution, renewal
ステップ 1
ー ー ー
握り拳
にぎりこぶしclenched fist
偉ぶる
えらぶるto put on airs, to swagger, to act self-importantly
緯線
いせんparallel
緯度
いどlatitude (nav.)
経緯
けいいdetails, particulars, whole story, sequence of events, chronology, circumstances, how it started, how things got this way
壱
いちone (in documents)
芋版
いもばんstamp made with a potato
芋掘り
いもほりdigging for sweet potatoes (esp. as an outing)
里芋
さといもtaro (Colocasia esculenta), dasheen, eddo
焼き芋
やきいもroasted sweet potato, baked sweet potato
陰影
いんえいshadow, gloom、shading, hatch, hatching
陰気
いんきgloom, melancholy
陰性
いんせいnegative
陰陽
いんようcosmic dual forces, yin and yang, sun and moon, etc.
光陰
こういんtime, Father Time
陰干し
かげぼしdrying in the shade
木陰
こかげshade of tree, bower
日陰
ひかげshade, shadow
隠居
いんきょretirement、retired person
隠然
いんぜんlatent power, hidden power、behind the scenes, (in) secret
隠忍
いんにんpatience, endurance、undercover ninja, embedded ninja
雲隠れ
くもがくれdisappearance
影響
えいきょうto influence, to affect, to have an influence on, to impact, to have an effect on
影像
えいぞうsilhouette
陰影
いんえいshadow, gloom
投影
とうえいprojection
影法師
かげぼうしshadow figure, silhouette
鋭意
えいいeagerly, earnestly, diligently
鋭角
えいかくacute angle
鋭利
えいりsharpness
気鋭
きえいspirited, energetic
精鋭
せいえいelite, picked, powerful, efficient
先鋭
せんえいradical, acute, sharp
越境
えっきょうborder transgression
越権
えっけんgoing beyond authority, unauthorized, unauthorised, ultra vires
越冬
えっとうpassing the winter, hibernation
超越
ちょうえつtranscendental、to transcend, to rise above
優越
ゆうえつsupremacy, predominance, being superior to
勝ち越し
かちこしmore wins than losses (sport)
年越し
としこしNew Year’s Eve, end of the year
援軍
えんぐんreinforcement
援護
えんごcovering, protection, backing, relief
援助
えんじょassistance, aid, support
応援
おうえんaid, assistance, help, reinforcement, rooting, barracking, support, cheering
救援
きゅうえんrelief, rescue, reinforcement
後援
こうえんsupport, backing
支援
しえんsupport, backing, aid, assistance
声援
せいえんencouragement, cheering, support
ステップ 2
ーーー
煙雨
えんうmisty, fine or drizzling rain
煙突
えんとつchimney, smokestack, funnel (of a ship), stovepipe
鉛管
えんかんlead pipe
鉛直
えんちょくperpendicular, upright, vertical
鉛筆
えんぴつpencil
黒鉛
こくえんgraphite
鉛
なまりlead (Pb)
縁側
えんがわveranda, porch, balcony, open corridor
縁起
えんぎomen, sign of luck、origin, causation
縁故
えんこrelation, connection, affinity
縁談
えんだんmarriage proposal, engagement
機縁
きえんopportunity, chance
血縁
けつえんblood relative or relationship, consanguinity
額縁
がくぶちframe (e.g. picture frame, decorative door frame, etc.)
因縁
いんねんfate, destiny、connection, tie, bond, origin
汚職
おしょくcorruption
汚点
おてんstain, blot, flaw, disgrace
汚水
おすいfilthy water, sewage
汚物
おぶつfilth (esp. excrement, feces, urine), muck, waste, garbage, dirt, dust
汚名
おめいstigma, dishonour, dishonor, infamy
押印
おういんaffixing one’s seal
押収
おうしゅうseizure, confiscation
後押し
あとおしpushing, backing, boosting, supporting
目白押し
めじろおしjostling, milling about
奥義
おうぎsecrets, mysteries, esoterica, hidden purpose
深奥
しんおうesoteric doctrines, mysteries
奥社
おくしゃrear shrine (located behind the main shrine, but dedicated to the same deity)
奥地
おくちinterior, backwoods, hinterland, back regions
大奥
おおおくinner palace (in Edo Castle), palace’s ladies chambers, shogun’s harem
山奥
やまおくdeep in the mountains, mountain recesses
憶説
おくせつhypothesis, speculation, surmise, conjecture
憶測
おくそくguess, speculation, supposition
記憶
きおくmemory, recollection, remembrance
追憶
ついおくrecollection, reminiscence
製菓
せいかconfectionery production, baking (e.g. pastries, sweets)
茶菓子
ちゃがしtea cakes
乳菓
にゅうかemulsion
冷菓
れいかchilled sweets, ices, ice cream
綿菓子
わたがしcotton candy
奥底
おくそこdepths, bottom (of one’s heart)
休暇
きゅうかholiday, day off, furlough, absence (from work)
寸暇
すんかmoment’s leisure, free minute
余暇
よかleisure, leisure time, spare time
暇人
ひまじんperson with a lot of free time on their hands, person of leisure, idler
暇つぶし
ひまつぶしwaste of time, killing time
手間暇
てまひまtime and effort, trouble
箇所
かしょpassage, place, point, part
箇条
かじょうitem, article, clause, section, point
一箇年
いっかねんone year
雅
みやびrefinement, elegance
雅楽
ががくold Japanese court music, gagaku
雅号
がごうalias, pseudonym, pen name, nom de plume
雅量
がりょうmagnanimity, generosity, tolerance
典雅
てんがgrace, elegance, refined, classic
風雅
ふうがelegance, grace, refinement, good taste
優雅
ゆうがélégance, grâce, raffinement
介護
かいごnursing, care, caregiving, caring
介在
かいざいmediation, interposition, intervention
介助
かいじょhelp, assistance, aid
介入
かいにゅうintervention
介抱
かいほうnursing, looking after
一介
いっかいmere, only a …
魚介
ぎょかいmarine products, seafood, fish and shellfish
戒告
かいこくadmonition, warning, caution
戒名
かいみょうposthumous Buddhist name
戒律
かいりつ(religious) precept, discipline, commandment, mitzvah
訓戒
くんかいwarning, admonition, lesson or a phrase that teaches you not to do something
警戒
けいかいvigilance, precaution, watch, lookout, alertness
厳戒
げんかいstrict guard
自戒
じかいself-admonition
破戒
はかいbreaking a commandment (usually religious), offense against the Buddhist commandments (offence)
皆勤
かいきんperfect attendance
皆済
かいさいsettlement
皆伝
かいでんinitiation into an art or discipline
皆無
かいむnonexistent, nil, none, nothing (at all), bugger-all
皆目
かいもくentirely
決壊
けっかいbreak (rip) down
自壊
じかいdisintegration、self-destruction
損壊
そんかいdamage, destruction
倒壊
とうかいdestruction, collapse, crumbling
破壊的
はかいてきdestructive, devastating
較差
かくさrange
獲得
かくとくacquisition, possession
漁獲
ぎょかくfishing, catch, haul
捕獲
ほかくcapture, seizure
乱獲
らんかくexcessive fishing, overfishing, overhunting, excessive taking
獲物
えものgame, spoils, trophy, prey
刈る
かるto cut (hair), to mow (grass), to harvest, to clip, to shear, to reap, to trim, to prune
刈り入れ
かりいれharvest
稲刈り
いねかりrice reaping, rice harvesting
草刈り
くさかりmowing, mower
丸刈り
まるがりclose clipping
甘言
かんげんcajolery
甘受
かんじゅsubmission to, putting up with
甘美
かんびsweet (e.g. fruit, melody, dream), luscious
甘味料
かんみりょうsweetener (sugar, honey, saccharin, maltose, etc.), sweetening agent, sweetening
甘口
あまくちflattery、sweet flavour, sweet flavor, mildness
甘党
あまとう(someone with a) sweet tooth, person fond of sweets, person who doesn’t like alcohol, preferring sweets
汗顔
かんがんashamed
発汗
はっかんsweating, perspiration
汗水たらして
あせみずたらしてdripping with sweat, doing something by the sweat of one’s brow
一汗
ひとあせdoing a job, riding and sweating up a horse
冷や汗
ひやあせcold sweat
乾季
かんきdry season
乾燥
かんそうdryness, aridity, insipidity, dehydration, desiccation
生乾き
なまがわきhalf-dried
勧業
かんぎょう(encouragement of) industry
勧告
かんこくadvice, counsel, remonstrance, recommendation
勧進
かんじんtemple solicitation
勧める
すすめるto recommend, to advise, to encourage, to offer (wine)
歓喜
かんきdelight, great joy
歓迎
かんげいwelcome, reception
歓呼
かんこacclamation, jubilation
歓声
かんせいcheer, shout of joy
歓送
かんそうhearty send-off
歓待
かんたいwarm reception, friendly reception
歓談
かんだんpleasant talk, chat
交歓
こうかんexchange of courtesies (cordialities), fraternization, fraternisation
監禁
かんきんconfinement
監査
かんさinspection, audit, judgement, judgment
監察
かんさつinspection, inspector
監視
かんしmonitoring, watching, observation, surveillance, guarding, inspection
監修
かんしゅう(editorial) supervision, general editorship、supervising director (of anime, TV series etc.)
総監
そうかんinspector general, commissioner
環視
かんしlooking around, looking about
一環
いっかんlink (e.g. a part of a larger plan)
金環
きんかんgold ring
鑑査
かんさinspection, audit, judgement, judgment
鑑札
かんさつlicence, license, permit
鑑識
かんしきjudgement, judgment, discernment, discrimination, having eye for
鑑賞
かんしょうappreciation (e.g. of art), aesthetic sense
鑑定
かんていjudgement, judgment, expert opinion, appraisal
印鑑
いんかんstamp, seal
図鑑
ずかんillustrated reference book, illustrated encyclopedia (esp. for children), picture book
名鑑
めいかんdirectory, list
鑑みる
かんがみるto heed, to take into account, to bear in mind, to learn from, to take warning from, in view of, in the light of
環状線
かんじょうせんloop line, (transportation) belt line
含味
がんみtaste, thinking over carefully
含有
がんゆうcontain, include
包含
ほうがんto include, to comprise, to contain, to implicate
かんで含める
かんでふくめるin an easy-to-understand manner, in a very kind and detailed way
奇異
きいodd, strange, wonderful
奇術
きじゅつmagic, conjuring, sleight of hand, legerdemain
奇数
きすうodd number
奇想天外
きそうてんがいfantastic idea, bizarre
好奇
こうきinquisitiveness
数寄屋
すきやtea-ceremony arbor, tea-ceremony arbour
祈雨
きうPray for rain
祈願
きがんprayer, supplication
祈念
きねんprayer
鬼気
ききghastly, dreadful
鬼才
きさいwizard, genius, great talent
鬼門
きもんthe northeastern (unlucky) direction, person or thing to be avoided
悪鬼
あっきevil spirit, demon, devil
疑心暗鬼
ぎしんあんきSuspicion will raise bogies, Once you suspect something, everything else will look suspicious, Jumping at shadows
吸血鬼
きゅうけつきvampire, bloodsucker
青鬼
あおおに(horned) blue demon, blue ogre
幾何学
きかがくgeometry
幾多
いくたmany, numerous
幾日
いくにちhow many days?, what day (of month)?
幾分
いくぶんsomewhat, to some extent, to some degree
輝輝
ききbrilliance
光輝
こうきbrightness, splendour, splendor
輝かしい
かがやかしいbrilliant, glorious, glittering, bright, splendid (e.g. achievement, success), promising (e.g. future)
儀典
ぎてんceremony, rite, ritual, service
儀礼
ぎれいetiquette, courtesy
行儀
ぎょうぎmanners, behavior, behaviour
地球儀
ちきゅうぎglobe (map)
余儀
よぎanother method, another problem
流儀
りゅうぎstyle, fashion、school (e.g. of poetry)
戯れる
たわむれるto be playful, to gambol, to be amused (with something), to play, to sport, to frolic, to joke
戯画
ぎがcaricature, cartoon, comics
戯曲
ぎきょくplay, drama
悪戯
あくぎmischief, prank, trick, practical joke
児戯
じぎmere child’s play
遊戯
ゆうぎgame, play, sports
詰問
きつもんcross-examination, close questioning, demanding an explanation
難詰
なんきつreprimand
息詰まる
いきづまるto be breathtaking, to be stifling
大詰め
おおづめfinal scene, the end, finale
箱詰め
はこづめpacked in a box (e.g. chocolates)
却下
きゃっかrejection, dismissal
消却
しょうきゃくerasure, paying back debt, effacement
退却
たいきゃくretreat, withdrawal, retirement
脱却
だっきゃくridding oneself, freeing oneself of, growing out of
売却
ばいきゃくselling off, disposal by sale, sale
返却
へんきゃくreturn of something, repayment
冷却
れいきゃくcooling, refrigeration
脚色
きゃくしょくdramatization (e.g. film), dramatisation
脚注
きゃくちゅうfootnote
脚本
きゃくほんscript, screenplay, scenario
脚力
きゃくりょくleg strength, walking ability
脚光
きゃっこうfootlight, limelight
健脚
けんきゃくgood walker
失脚
しっきゃくlosing one’s standing, being overthrown, falling
立脚
りっきゃくbeing based on
及第
きゅうだいpassing an examination
及落
きゅうらくsuccess or failure (in examinations)
言及
げんきゅうreference, allusion
追及
ついきゅうinvestigation (e.g. into someone’s guilt), questioning, pressing, hounding, pinning down
波及
はきゅうspread, extension, influence, aftereffect, ripple
及び腰
およびごしindecisive attitude, timidity, lack of nerve
砂丘
さきゅうsand dune, sand hill
段丘
だんきゅうterrace, bench (in geography)
小高い丘
こだかいおかsmall hill, low hill, hillock
不朽
ふきゅうeverlasting, immortal, eternal, immortality, imperishable
腐朽
ふきゅうdeterioration, rot
老朽
ろうきゅうsuperannuated, decrepitude
朽ちる
くちるto rot, to decay、to die in obscurity、to be forgotten with time
巨漢
きょかんgiant
巨頭
きょとうleader, magnate
巨万
きょまんhuge fortune, millions
拠点
きょてんposition, location, base, point
根拠
こんきょbasis, foundation
準拠
じゅんきょbasis, based on, conformance, conformity, authority (of), standard, reference
占拠
せんきょoccupation (e.g. of territory), exclusive possession
本拠
ほんきょstronghold, inner citadel, base, headquarters
論拠
ろんきょgrounds of an argument
証拠
しょうこevidence, proof
距離
きょりdistance, range
遠距離恋愛
えんきょりれんあいlong distance relationship
車間距離
しゃかんきょりdistance between two trains or vehicles
脚
あしleg、bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji
御意
ぎょいyour will, your pleasure
御者
ぎょしゃcoachman, driver, cabman, postilion
御殿
ごてんpalace, court
御用
ごようyour order, your business, official business
制御
せいぎょcontrol, governing, checking, suppression, repression, restraint, mastery, management
統御
とうぎょcontrol
防御
ぼうぎょdefense, defence, safeguard, protection
御中
おんちゅうand Company, Messrs, for the attention of …
凶悪
きょうあくatrocious, fiendish, brutal, villainous
凶器
きょうきdangerous weapon, lethal weapon, deadly weapon
凶作
きょうさくbad harvest, poor crop
凶事
きょうじcalamity, misfortune
凶徒
きょうとoutlaw, rebel, rioter
凶暴
きょうぼうbrutal, atrocious, ferocious
元凶
げんきょうringleader, main culprit
叫号
きゅうごうcrying aloud
絶叫
ぜっきょうscream, shriek, shout, exclamation
狂気
きょうきmadness, insanity
狂喜
きょうきwild joy, ecstasy
狂言
きょうげんkyogen, farce presented between noh plays or during the interlude of a noh play
狂騒
きょうそうmania, wild excitement
狂乱
きょうらんfury, frenzy, madness
熱狂
ねっきょうwild enthusiasm, being crazy about
発狂
はっきょうmadness, craziness, insanity
狂い咲き
くるいざきoff-season flowering
活況
かっきょうactivity, briskness, prosperity
近況
きんきょうrecent state, present state, present condition, current status, current circumstances
好況
こうきょうprosperous conditions, healthy economy
盛況
せいきょうsuccess, prosperity
戦況
せんきょうwar situation, progress of a battle
不況
ふきょうrecession, depression, slump
狭量
きょうりょうnarrow-mindedness
偏狭
へんきょうnarrow-mindedness, intolerance, illiberality, narrowness
狭き門
せまきもんnarrow gate, obstacle, school (position) hard to enter (get)
手狭
てぜまnarrow, small, cramped
狭まる
せばまるto narrow, to contract
恐縮
きょうしゅくfeeling obliged, being grateful, being thankful, being sorry, being ashamed
恐怖
きょうふfear, dread, dismay, terror, horror, scare, panic
末恐ろしい
すえおそろしいominous, likely to grow worse
音響
おんきょうsound, noise, echo, acoustics
交響楽
こうきょうがくsymphony (orchestra)
交響曲
こうきょうきょくsymphony
反響
はんきょうecho, reverberation, repercussion, reaction, influence
打てば響く
うてばひびくto be responsive, to show immediate results
驚異
きょういwonder, miracle
驚喜
きょうきpleasant surprise
驚嘆
きょうたんwonder, admiration, being struck with admiration
驚天動地
きょうてんどうちastounding, startling, world-shaking, amazing, earth-shattering
驚き
おどろきsurprise, astonishment, wonder
仰角
ぎょうかくangle of elevation
仰視
ぎょうしlooking up to, revering
仰天
ぎょうてんbeing amazed, being horrified, being taken aback
信仰
しんこう(religious) faith, belief, creed
仰ぐ
おおぐto look up (at), to look up (to), to respect, to revere, to ask for, to seek, to turn to someone, to depend on
仰せ
おおせstatement, command, wishes (of a superior)
駆使
くしto use freely, to make free use of, to have good command (e.g. of a language)
駆除
くじょextermination (esp. pests), expulsion, destruction
駆動
くどうdriving force
先駆
せんくforerunner, pioneer, precursor、herald
駆ける
かけるto run (race, esp. horse), to dash、to gallop (one’s horse), to canter、to advance (against one’s enemy)
駆る
かるto drive (car), to spur on, to impel
駆け足
かけあしrunning fast, double time
駆け回る
かけまわるto run around, to bustle about
屈む
かがむto stoop, to lean over, to bend down, to crouch
屈強
くっきょうrobust, brawny, muscular, strong, sturdy
屈従
くつじゅうservile submission, subservience
屈折
くっせつbending, indentation
屈服
くっぷくyielding, submission, surrender, giving way, succumbing
退屈
たいくつtedium, boredom
掘削
くっさくdigging out, excavation
採掘
さいくつmining
試掘
しくつprospecting, trial digging
盗掘
とうくつillegal digging, illegal mining, grave robbing, tomb robbing
発掘
はっくつexcavation, exhumation
掘り出し物
ほりだしもの(lucky) find, bargain, good buy, treasure trove
繰り上げる
くりあげるto move up, to advance
繰り返す
くりかえすto repeat, to do something over again
繰り延べ
くりのべpostponement
糸繰り
いとくりreel, spinner
やり繰り
やりくりmaking do, getting by (somehow), managing
恵雨
けいうwelcome rain
恵与
けいよpresentation, giving, bestowing
恵方
えほうfavourable direction, favorable direction, lucky direction
恩恵
おんけいgrace, favor, favour, blessing, benefit
互恵
ごけいreciprocity, mutual benefit
天恵
てんけいHeaven’s blessing, gift of nature, natural resources
知恵
ちえwisdom, wit, sagacity, sense, intelligence
傾注
けいちゅうdevotion, concentration
傾倒
けいとうadmiration, adoration, concentration on, idolizing, idolising
左傾
さけいleftist, left radical
傾く
かたむくto incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to be prone to、to go down (sun), to wane, to sink, to decline
屈指
くっしleading, foremost, preeminent, outstanding, one of the best
継承
けいしょうinheritance, succession, accession
継続
けいぞくcontinuation
後継
こうけいsuccession、successor
中継
ちゅうけいrelay, hook-up
跡継ぎ
あとつぎheir, successor
引き継ぎ
ひきつぎtaking over, handing over, transfer of control, inheriting, passing on the baton
迎撃
げいげきintercept, interception, counter attack
迎合
げいごうingratiation, going along with somebody’s views, adjusting oneself (to something, to somebody), flattery
迎春
げいしゅんNew Year’s greetings
送迎
そうげいseeing off and meeting on return
迎え火
むかえびwelcoming fire for returning spirits (on the first night of the Bon festival)
出迎え
でむかえmeeting, reception
撃退
げきたいrepulse, repel (i.e. the enemy)
撃沈
げきちんsending a ship to the bottom, sinking (a ship)
攻撃
こうげきattack, strike, offensive
射撃
しゃげきfiring, shooting, fire, gunshot, marksmanship
打撃
だげきblow, shock, strike, damage、batting (baseball)
砲撃
ほうげきbombarding, shelling, bombardment
目撃
もくげきwitnessing, observing, sighting
肩章
けんしょうshoulder strap, epaulet, epaulette
双肩
そうけんshoulders
比肩
ひけんranking equal with, comparing favourably with, comparing favorably with
肩入れ
かたいれsupport, backing, patronage
肩書き
かたがきtitle, degree, address (on letter), criminal record
肩車
かたぐるまgiving someone a ride on one’s shoulders、shoulder wheel (judo)
肩幅
かたはばshoulder width (breadth)
肩身
かたみshoulders
兼業
けんぎょうside line, second business
兼行
けんこうdoing simultaneously
兼職
けんしょくpluralism, plurality, concurrent post
兼任
けんにんto hold two posts concurrently
兼務
けんむholding two posts concurrently
兼用
けんようmulti-use, combined use, combination, serving two purposes
才色兼備
さいしょくけんび(a woman) being gifted with both intelligence and beauty
兼ねる
かねるto be unable to, to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do、to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously, to contain (or combine) two or more features
剣
つるぎsword (originally esp. a doubled-edged sword), sabre, saber, blade
剣術
けんじゅつfencing
剣道
けんどうkendo, swordmanship, fencing, way of the sword
剣舞
けんぶsword dance
剣法
けんぽうfencing
刀剣
とうけんsword, dagger, knife, bayonet
木剣
ぼっけんbokken, wooden sword
軒灯
けんとうlamp or electric light at the eaves of a house, door light
一軒家
いっけんやhouse, detached house, single house
軒先
のきさきedge of the eaves, house frontage
軒下
のきしたunder the overhang of a Japanese roof
軒並み
のきなみrow of houses, every door、totally, altogether, across the board
圏外
けんがいoutside range, outside orbit
圏内
けんないwithin the sphere
首都圏
しゅとけんthe capital city (often Tokyo) area (typically within 50 km of city’s centre) (center)
大気圏
たいきけんthe atmosphere
北極圏
ほっきょくけんArctic Circle, the Arctic
臨終
りんじゅうdeathbed, dying hour, one’s death
駆り立てる
かりたてるto urge, to spur on, to push on, to impel、to flush out (game, etc.), to drive (animals), to beat, to hunt down
ステップ 11
ー ー ー
堅固
けんごsolid, strong, firm
堅持
けんじholding on to, sticking to
堅実
けんじつsteady, sound, reliable, solid
堅苦しい
かたくるしいformal, strict, ceremonious, stiff
手堅い
てがたいsteady, firm, solid, secure
遣外
けんがいdispatched abroad, despatched abroad
遣唐使
けんとうしenvoy (to T’ang China)
先遣隊
せんけんたいadvance troops, vanguard
派遣
はけんdispatch, despatch, deployment、temporary employee (esp. from an agency), temporary worker, agency temp
分遣
ぶんけんdetachment, detail
気遣い
きづかいconsideration, concern, fear, worry, solicitude
小遣い
こづかいpocket money, spending money, pin money, allowance
遣わす
つかわすto send, to dispatch, to despatch、to bestow (favour, etc.), to grant (e.g. pardon)
玄関
げんかんentranceway, entry hall, vestibule, foyer, entryway, mud room
玄人
くろうとexpert, professional, master、woman in the nightlife business, demimondaine, geisha and prostitutes
枯朽
こきゅうWither, die
枯死
こしwithering, dying
枯淡
こたんelegant simplicity
栄枯
えいこvicissitudes, ups and downs
枯れ枝
かれえだdead branch (or twig, etc.), withered branch
枯れ野
かれのdesolate field
木枯らし
こがらしcold wintry wind
誇り
ほこりpride, boast
誇示
こじostentation, display
誇称
こしょうboasting, exaggeration
誇大
こだいexaggeration, hyperbole
誇張
こちょうemphase, exagération
鼓吹
こすいinspiration, advocacy, encouragement
鼓笛
こてきdrum and fife
鼓動
こどうbeat, palpitation, pulsation, throbbing
鼓舞
こぶinspiration, encouragement
太鼓
たいこdrum
鼓
つづみhand drum
互角
ごかくequality, evenness, par, good match
互恵
ごけいreciprocity, mutual benefit
互助
ごじょmutual aid, cooperation, benefit
交互
こうごmutual, reciprocal, alternate
相互
そうごmutual, reciprocal
互い違い
たがいちがいalternate, alternation
抗議
こうぎprotest, objection
抗戦
こうせんresistance
抗争
こうそうdispute, resistance
抗体
こうたいantibody
抗力
こうりょくdrag, fluid resistance
対抗
たいこうopposition, antagonism
抵抗
ていこうresistance, opposition, standing up to
反抗
はんこうopposition, resistance, insubordination, defiance, hostility, rebellion
攻勢
こうせいoffensive (movement), aggression
攻略
こうりゃくcapture、strategy guide, playing guide (e.g. for game), book of hints
専攻
せんこうmajor subject, special study
猛攻
もうこうfierce attack
更衣
こういchanging one’s clothes
更改
こうかいrenewal, extension, revision
更新
こうしんrenewal, update, innovation, improvement
更生
こうせいrehabilitation, regeneration, rebirth, resuscitation, reorganization, reorganisation
深更
しんこうmiddle of the night, dead of night, midnight
夜更け
よふけlate at night
更かす
ふかすto sit up late
恒温器
こうおんきincubator
恒久
こうきゅうpermanent, perpetuity
恒常
こうじょうconstancy
恒心
こうしんsteadiness, constancy
恒星
こうせい(fixed) star (i.e. not a planet, meteorite, etc.)
恒例
こうれいestablished practice, custom
荒天
こうてんstormy weather
破天荒
はてんこうunheard-of, unprecedented
荒波
あらなみstormy seas, raging waves、hardships, harshness of the world
荒れ地
あれちwasteland, wilderness, abandoned land, devastated land
香気
こうきfragrance
香水
こうすいperfume
香典
こうでんgift brought to a funeral (usu. money), funeral offering, condolence gift, incense money
香料
こうりょうflavoring, flavouring, spices
香車
きょうしゃspear (shogi), lance
線香
せんこうincense stick
色香
いろかcolour and scent, color and scent, loveliness, charm
項目
こうもく(data) item, entry
事項
じこうmatter, item, facts
条項
じょうこうclause, article, stipulations
別項
べっこうspecial heading, separate paragraph
要項
ようこうimportant points, main points
稿料
こうりょうadvance for manuscript, copy-money
遺稿
いこうposthumous manuscripts
起稿
きこうdrafting, draughting
寄稿
きこうcontribution (e.g. to newspaper)
原稿
げんこうmanuscript, copy
草稿
そうこうnotes, draft, draught, manuscript
脱稿
だっこうfinishing writing, completion of a manuscript
投稿
とうこうcontribution, submission, posting (e.g. to a newsgroup or mailing list)
豪雨
ごううtorrential rain, heavy rain, cloudburst, downpour
豪快
ごうかいhearty, exciting, stirring, lively, heroic, largehearted, splendid
豪勢
ごうせいluxury, magnificence, extravagance
強豪
きょうごうveteran, champion
剣豪
けんごうmaster fencer
富豪
ふごうwealthy person, millionaire
文豪
ぶんごうliterary master
更衣室
こういしつlocker room, changing room, dressing room
恵贈
けいぞうpresentation
ステップ 3
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ステップ 4
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ステップ 5
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ステップ 6
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ステップ 8
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ステップ 9
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ステップ 10
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ステップ 7
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ステップ 13
ー ー ー
意気込み
いきごみardor, enthusiasm
思い込み
おもいこみwrong impression, subjective impression, assumption, prejudice
駆け込み
かけこみlast-minute rush, stampede
仕込み
しこみtraining, education, upbringing
見込み
みこみhope, promise, possibility, chance, probability, likelihood
婚期
こんきmarriageable age, chance of marriage
婚儀
こんぎwedding ceremony
婚礼
こんれいmarriage ceremony, wedding
鎖国
さこくnational isolation, exclusion of foreigners
鎖骨
さこつcollarbone, clavicle
封鎖
ふうさblockade、freezing (funds)
閉鎖
へいさclosing, closure, shutdown, lockout, unsociable
連鎖
れんさchain, chaining, catena, connection、(genetic) linkage
鎖編み
くさりあみchain stitch
鎖
くさりchain, irons, connection
彩り
いろどりcoloring, colouring, coloration, colouration, assortment, color scheme, colour scheme, makeup
彩雲
さいうんglowing clouds
異彩
いさいconspicuousness (usu. color), prominence, distinctiveness
光彩
こうさいbrilliance, splendour, splendor
色彩
しきさいcolour, color, hue, tints
水彩画
すいさいがwatercolor painting, watercolour painting
精彩
せいさいbrilliance, luster, lustre, colorfulness, colourfulness、vividness, life
多彩
たさいvariegated, varicoloured, multi-colored, diverse
淡彩
たんさいlight colouring, light coloring
歳月
さいげつtime, years
歳時記
さいじきalmanac of seasonal words (for haiku poets)
歳出
さいしゅつannual expenditure
歳入
さいにゅうannual revenue (government), annual income (government), budget receipts
歳費
さいひannual expenditure
歳末
さいまつyear end
歳暮
せいぼend of the year, year-end gift
載録
さいろくrecording, transcription
記載
きさいrecord, statement, description, mention, listing, registration, booking, entry
積載
せきさいlading, loading, carrying
転載
てんさいreprinting
満載
まんさいfully loaded, full load, loaded condition
連載
れんさいserialization, serialisation, serial story
下剤
げざいlaxative
殺虫剤
さっちゅうざいinsecticide, pesticide
洗剤
せんざいdetergent, washing material
調剤
ちょうざいcompounding medicine
防腐剤
ぼうふざいantiseptic、preservative
薬剤
やくざいmedicine, drug
遅咲き
おそざきlate blooming (flower, talent), late flowering
返り咲き
かえりざきcomeback (e.g. in business), reinstatement
室咲
むろざきhothouse flower cultivation
ステップ 14
ー ー ー
惨め
みじめmiserable, wretched, unhappy, sad, pitiable
惨劇
さんげきtragedy, tragic event
惨事
さんじdisaster, horrible accident
惨状
さんじょうdisastrous scene, terrible spectacle
惨殺
ざんさつslaughter, massacre
惨敗
ざんぱいignominious defeat, crushing failure, utterly beaten, overwhelming defeat
陰惨
いんさんsadness and gloom
悲惨
ひさんdisastrous, tragic, miserable, wretched, pitiful, woeful
無惨
むざんcruelty, atrocity, cold-bloodedness, tragedy, misery
旨
むねcenter (centre), pillar, principle、purport, gist, drift, meaning
主旨
しゅしmeaning, point (e.g. of a statement), gist, effect、goal, intent, object, aim, point
本旨
ほんしmain object, principal object, true aim
要旨
ようしpoint, essentials, gist, summary, fundamentals
論旨
ろんしpoint of an argument, drift of an argument
伺候
しこうwaiting upon (someone)
進退伺い
しんたいうかがいinformal resignation, unofficial resignation
刺客
しかくassassin、to assassinate
刺激
しげきstimulus, impetus, incentive, encouragement, motivation, provocation, excitement, thrill
風刺
ふうしsatire, irony, sarcasm
名刺
めいしbusiness card
有刺鉄線
ゆうしてっせんbarbed wire
脂質
ししつlipid, fats, adipose
脂粉
しふんrouge and powder, cosmetics
脂肪
しぼうfat, grease, blubber
樹脂
じゅしresin, rosin
脱脂
だっしremoval of fat
脂汗
あぶらあせcold sweat, greasy sweat
紫
むらさきpurple, violet
紫雲
しうんpurple clouds, clouds on which Amida Buddha rides to welcome the spirits of the dead
紫煙
しえんpurple smoke, tobacco smoke
紫外線
しがいせんultra-violet rays
紫電
しでんpurple lightning, flash, swordflash
雌伏
しふくremaining in obscurity
雌雄
しゆうmale and female (animal)
雌しべ
めしべpistil
雌犬
めすいぬbitch, female dog
執行
しっこうexecution, carrying out, performance, enforcement, exercise, service
執刀
しっとうperforming a surgical operation
執筆
しっぴつwriting (e.g. as a profession)
執務
しつむperformance of one’s official duties
執着
しゅうちゃくattachment, adhesion, tenacity, fixation, obsession
執念
しゅうねんtenacity, implacability
確執
かくしつdiscord, antagonism
固執
こしつadherence (e.g. to ideas, beliefs, a pet theory) (negative nuance), persistence, insistence, stubbornness
ステップ 15
ー ー ー
芝居
しばいplay, drama
芝刈り
しばかりlawn mowing
芝草
しばくさlawn, sod, turf
人工芝
じんこうしばartificial grass (lawn)
芝生
しばふlawn
斜め
ななめslanting, tilted, sloping, diagonal, oblique、unusual, slanted (view of the world), bad (mood)
斜線
しゃせんoblique line, forward slash
斜面
しゃめんslope, slanting surface, bevel
斜陽
しゃようsetting sun, declining
傾斜
けいしゃinclination, slant, slope, bevel, list, dip
煮豆
にまめcooked beans
煮物
にものfood cooked by boiling or stewing
煮え湯
にえゆboiling water
雑煮
ぞうにsoup containing rice cakes and vegetables (New Year’s dish)
生煮え
なまにえhalf-cooked, rare
業を煮やす
ごうをにやすto lose one’s temper, to be exasperated, to become irritated
釈然
しゃくぜんfully satisfied, well satisfied (e.g. with an explanation or apology), to have one’s heart completely cleared of doubt or grudge
釈放
しゃくほうrelease, liberation, acquittal
釈明
しゃくめいexplanation, vindication
解釈
かいしゃくexplanation, interpretation
講釈
こうしゃくlecture, exposition
注釈
ちゅうしゃくnotes, comment, remark, annotation
保釈
ほしゃくbail
寂寂
じゃくじゃくsad, lonesome, desolate
寂滅
じゃくめつnirvana、death
寂然
せきぜんlonely, desolate、forlornness, desolation
静寂
せいじゃくsilence, stillness, quietness
入寂
にゅうじゃくdeath of a priest, nirvana, spiritual liberty
和敬清寂
わけいせいじゃくharmony, respect, purity and tranquility, the four most important elements of the tea ceremony
寂れる
さびれるto decline (in prosperity), to become deserted, to become desolate
朱色
しゅいろvermilion, scarlet
朱印
しゅいんred seal
朱肉
しゅにくthick red ink (used for signature seals), red ink pad, vermillion ink, cinnabar ink
朱筆
しゅひつred-ink brush
丹朱
たんしゅcinnabar, vermilion
紅葉狩り
もみじがりautumn-leaf viewing, fall-leaf viewing
狩猟
しゅりょうhunting
狩人
かりゅうどhunter
趣
おもむきmeaning, tenor, gist
趣意
しゅいmain meaning, opinion, idea, aim, motive, gist, meaning
趣向
しゅこうplan, idea, design, plot
趣旨
しゅしmeaning, point (e.g. of a statement), gist, effect
趣味
しゅみhobby, pastime、tastes, preference, liking
興趣
きょうしゅinterest (in something)
情趣
じょうしゅmood, sentiment, artistic effect
野趣
やしゅrural beauty, rusticity, rustic beauty
ステップ 16
ー ー ー
需給
じゅきゅうsupply and demand
需要
じゅようdemand, request
外需
がいじゅforeign consumption
軍需
ぐんじゅmunitions, military stores
実需
じつじゅactual demand, user demand
特需
とくじゅemergency demands, special procurement (particularly in time of war)
内需
ないじゅdomestic demand
必需
ひつじゅ
舟運
しゅううんtransportation by water (i.e. by ship)
舟航
しゅうこうboating, sailing
呉越同舟
ごえつどうしゅうbitter enemies (placed by fate) in the same boat
舟遊び
ふなあそびboating, sailing
舟歌
ふなうたsailor’s song, boat song, shanty
渡し舟
わたしぶなferry, ferryboat
秀でる
ひいでるto excel, to surpass
秀逸
しゅういつexcellence
秀歌
しゅうかsplendid tanka or waka
秀才
しゅうさいprodigy
秀作
しゅうさくsplendid (excellent) work
秀抜
しゅうばつoutstanding, superb
優秀
ゆうしゅうsuperiority, excellence
襲う
おそうto attack, to assail, to make an assault, to strike, to hunt down
襲撃
しゅうげきattack, charge, raid
襲名
しゅうめいsuccession to another’s professional name
襲来
しゅうらいinvasion, raid, attack, visitation (of a calamity)
奇襲
きしゅうsurprise attack
逆襲
ぎゃくしゅうcounterattack
空襲
くうしゅうair-raid
世襲
せしゅうheredity, heritage
柔順
じゅうじゅんobedient, gentle, meek, submissive, docile
柔軟
じゅうなんflexible, lithe, soft, pliable
柔弱
にゅうじゃくweakness, effeminacy, enervation
柔和
にゅうわgentleness, mildness, meekness
優柔
ゆうじゅうindecisiveness
獣
けものbeast, brute, animal
獣医
じゅういveterinarian
獣肉
じゅうにくanimal flesh
獣類
じゅうるいbeasts, mammals
鳥獣
ちょうじゅうbirds and wild animals, wildlife
珍獣
ちんじゅうrare (or peculiar) animal
猛獣
もうじゅうwild animal, beast of prey
野獣
やじゅうbeast, monster, wild animal
獣道
けものみちanimal trail
瞬く
またたくto twinkle (e.g. stars), to flicker, to waver
瞬間
しゅんかんmoment, second, instant
瞬時
しゅんじmoment, instant
瞬発
しゅんぱつinstantaneous
瞬発力
しゅんぱつりょくhigh power, high power output, explosiveness, explosive power, instantaneous force
一瞬
いっしゅんmoment, instant
旬刊
じゅんかんpublished every ten days
旬報
じゅんぽうten-day report
初旬
しょじゅんfirst 10 days of the month
上旬
じょうじゅんfirst 10 days of month
中旬
ちゅうじゅんmiddle of a month, second third of a month
下旬
げじゅんmonth (last third of)
ステップ 17
ー ー ー
お巡りさん
おまわりさんpolice officer
巡る
めぐるto go around
巡回
じゅんかいgoing around, patrol, round, tour
巡業
じゅんぎょうprovincial tour
巡視
じゅんしinspection tour
巡礼
じゅんれいpilgrimage, pilgrim
巡歴
じゅんれきitinerancy, tour, trip
一巡
いちじゅんbeat, round
矛盾
むじゅんcontradiction, inconsistency
盾突く
たてつくto oppose, to resist, to defy
後ろ盾
うしろだてbacking, support, backer, supporter, patron, sponsor
盾
たてshield, buckler, escutcheon, pretext
召喚
しょうかんsummons, summonsing, citation, subpoena, arraigning, calling, summoning
召集
しょうしゅうconvening, calling together (e.g. parliament)
召致
しょうちcalling together
応召
おうしょうrespond to a call for military service, being called to the colours (colors)
温床
おんしょうhotbed, breeding ground
鉱床
こうしょうmineral deposit, ore deposit
病床
びょうしょうsickbed
床柱
とこばしらalcove post
床下
ゆかしたunder the floor
寝床
ねどこbed, berth, crib, cot, kip
沼
ぬまmarsh, lake, bog, swamp, pond
沼沢
しょうたくmarsh, swamp
湖沼
こしょうlakes and marshes
沼地
ぬまちmarshland, wetland, swampland
泥沼
どろぬま/でいしょうbog, marsh, swamp, quagmire, morass
称呼
しょうこappellation, designation
称号
しょうごうtitle, name, degree
称賛
しょうさんpraise, admiration, commendation, approbation
愛称
あいしょうpet name, nickname, name used to indicate affection, intimacy, informality, etc.
敬称
けいしょうtitle of honour, title of honor
対称
たいしょうsymmetry、second person
通称
つうしょうpopular name, nickname, alias
名称
めいしょうname, title
詳解
しょうかいdetailed explanation
詳細
しょうさいdetail, particulars
詳述
しょうじゅつdetailed explanation
詳報
しょうほうfull report, particulars
不詳
ふしょうunknown, unidentified, unspecified
未詳
みしょうunknown, unidentified
ステップ 18
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丈夫
じょうぶhealthy, robust, strong, solid, durable
丈余
じょうよover ten feet
気丈
きじょうstout-hearted, firm
背丈
せたけstature, height
身丈
みたけlength (of clothing)
畳語
じょうごsyllable repetition (indicating plurals)
重畳
ちょうじょうplaced one upon another, piled up、superimposition, superposition
畳敷き
たたみじきtatami-matted
青畳
あおだたみnew mat
殖産
しょくさんproduction increase, enhancement of one’s fortune
学殖
がくしょくscholarship, learning, knowledge
生殖
せいしょくreproduction
増殖
ぞうしょくincrease, multiplication, propagation
繁殖
はんしょくbreed, multiply, increase, propagation
養殖
ようしょくaquaculture (e.g. fish, shellfish, seaweed), culture (e.g. pearls), raising, cultivation
利殖
りしょくmoney-making
修飾
しゅうしょくornamentation, embellishment, decoration, adornment, polish up (writing)
装飾
そうしょくornament
服飾
ふくしょくclothing and accessories, attire
粉飾
ふんしょくmakeup, toilet, embellishment
宝飾
ほうしょくjewels and ornaments, jewelry, jewellery
髪飾り
かみかざりhair ornaments
触手
しょくしゅfeeler, tentacle
触発
しょくはつdetonation by contact, contact detonation、touching off something, triggering, provocation, inspiration
触角
しょっかくfeeler, antenna
触覚
しょっかくsense of touch
感触
かんしょくfeel (i.e. tactile sensation), touch, feeling, sensation, texture (e.g. food, cloth)
抵触
ていしょくcollision, conflict、being contrary, being incompatible, being inconsistent, being contradictory、being in violation (of the law, etc.)
侵す
おかすto invade, to raid, to violate (airspace, etc.), to intrude, to trespass
侵害
しんがいinfringement, violation, trespass, impairment
侵攻
しんこうinvasion
侵入
しんにゅうpenetration, invasion, raid, aggression, trespass
侵犯
しんぱんviolation, invasion, infringement
侵略
しんりゃくaggression, invasion, raid
不可侵
ふかしんinviolability, sacredness, nonaggression
振興
しんこうpromotion, encouragement
振動
しんどうoscillation, vibration
振幅
しんぷくamplitude (of vibration), swing of pendulum
三振
さんしんstrike out (baseball), fanning out
不振
ふしんdullness, depression, slump, stagnation
振る舞い
ふるまいbehavior, behaviour, conduct
羽振り
はぶりplumage、influence, power
浸出
しんしゅつinfiltration, permeation, exudation, percolation, effusion, extraction
浸す
ひたすto soak, to dip, to drench
浸食
しんしょくerosion, corrosion
浸水
しんすいinundation, submersion, flood
浸透
しんとうpermeation, penetration, soaking
浸入
しんにゅうpermeation of liquid or gas
水浸し
みずひたしflooded out, submersion
殖やす
ふやすto increase, to add to, to augment