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MSK Exam 1 > Back Myology > Flashcards

Back Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of Layer 1

A
  1. Trapezius M.

2. Latissimus Dorsi M.

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2
Q

Muscles of Layer 2

A
  1. Rhomboid Major M.
  2. Rhomboid Minor M.
  3. Levator Scapulae M.
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3
Q

Muscles of Layer 3

A
  1. Serratus Posterior Superior M.

2. Serratus Posterior Inferior M.

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4
Q

Muscles of Layer 4

A
  1. Splenius Captis M.

2. Splenius Cervicis M.

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5
Q

Muscles of Layer 5

A

erector spinae (iliocostalis ms., longissimus ms., spinalis m.)

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6
Q

Muscles for Layer 6

A

transversospinalis ms.: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores longus m., rotatores brevis m.

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7
Q

extrinsic muscles

A

trapezius m. (L1), latissiumus dorsi m. (L1), rhomboid major m. (L2), rhomboid major m. (L2), levator scapulae m. (L2), serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior (L3)

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8
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

splenius capitus m. (L4), splenius cervicis m. (L4), 3 iliocostalis muscles (L5), 3 longissimus muscles (L5), 3 spinalis muscles (L5), 3 semispinalis muscles (L6), multifidus m. (L6), rotatores longus m. (L6), rotatores brevis m. (L6)

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9
Q

trapezius m

A

L1

origin: Spinous processes of C7-T12, Ligamentum
Nuchae, External Occipital Protuberance and medial 1/3 of
Superior Nuchal Line of Occipital B.

insertion: Lateral 1/3 of the Clavicle, Acromion and
Scapular Spine

action: whole muscle rotates pt of glenoid cavity superiorly, retracts scapula. upper fibers elevate scapula. lower fibers depress scapula. with scapula fixed, upper fibers extend neck working b/l, laterally flex neck, and rortate face away working unilaterally

innervation : motor: spinal accessory n.
sensory: C3, C4

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10
Q

latissimus dorsi m.

A

L1

O: Spinous processes of T6-T12, Ribs 9-12, Iliac Crest and
Spinous Processes of L1-5 and Median Sacral Crest via
Thoracolumbar Fascia

I: Floor of the Humeral Intertubercular Groove (front of proximal humerus)

A: adduction, extension, medially rotate humerus, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

N: thoracodorsal n. (C6-8)

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11
Q

rhomboid major m.

A

L2

O: spinous processes of T2-5

I: medial border of scapula (inferior to scapular spine)

A: retract and elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

N: dorsal scapular N. (C4,5)

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12
Q

rhomboid minor m.

A

L2

O: spinous processes of C7-T1 - lower part of the ligamentum nuchae

I: medial border of scapula (at scapular spine)

A: retract and elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

N: dorsal scapular n. (C4, 5)

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13
Q

levator scapulae m.

A

L 2

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4

I: medial border of scapula (superior to scapular spine)

A: elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly. when scapula fixed, extend and laterally flex neck.

N: C3, 4, dorsal scapular n. (C5)

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14
Q

serratus posterior superior m.

A

L3

O: nuchal l. and spinous processes C7-T3

I: superior surfaces of ribs 2-4

A: elevate ribs with forced inspiration (proprioceptive)

N: intercostal N. (2-5)

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15
Q

serratus posterior inferior m.

A

L3

O: spinous processes T11-L2

I: inferior surface of ribs 8-12

A: depress ribs with forced expiration (proprioceptive)

N: anterior rami T9-12

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16
Q

splenius capitis m.

A

L4

O: lower 1/2 nuchal l., spinous process C7-T3 (4)

I: mastoid process of temporal B., lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line of occipital B., extend neck when b/l; laterally flex neck and rotate face toward when working unilaterally

N: posterior rami C3-5

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17
Q

splenius cervicis m.

A

L4

O: spinous processes T3-6

I: transverse processes C1-3 (4)

A: extend neck when b/l, laterally flex neck and rotate face torward when working unilaterally

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18
Q

erector spinae group (layer, overall function, A, N, lateral group, intermediate group, medial group?)

A

L5

keep spine upright

A: maintain erect posture and extend vertebral column and head when b/l; laterally flex vertebral column when working unilaterally

N: segmentally innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves

lateral group: iliocostalis lumborum m. (3 muscles)

intermediate group: longissimus (3 muscles)

medial group: spinalis (3 muscles)

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19
Q

iliocostalis lumborum m.

A

L5, lateral

O: Posteromedial Iliac Crest, Spinous Processes
T11-L5, Median Sacral Crest, Lateral Sacral Crest,
Sacrotuberous L. and Long Posterior Sacroiliac L.

I: Costal Angles of Ribs 6-12

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20
Q

iliocostalis thoracis m.

A

L5, lateral

O: Costal Angles of Ribs 6-12

I: Costal Angles of Ribs 1-6 and Transverse
Process C7

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21
Q

iliocostalis cervicis m.

A

L5, lateral
O: Costal Angles of Ribs 3-6

I: Posterior Tubercles of Transverse Processes C4-6

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22
Q

iliocostalis group

A

L5, lateral

iliocostalis lumborum m., iliocostalis thoracis m., iliocostalis cervicis m.

23
Q

longissimus thoracis m.

A

L5, intermediate

O: Common Origin with Iliocostalis Lumborum,
Transverse and Accessory processes L1-5

I: Transverse Processes T1-L2, Ribs 3-12 between
the Costal Tubercle and Costal Angle

24
Q

longissimus cervicis m.

A

L5, intermediate

O: Transverse processes T1-5

I: Posterior Tubercles of Transverse processes and
Articular Processes of C2-6

25
Q

longissimus capitis m.

A

L5, intermediate

O: Transverse Processes T1-5, articular processes
C4-7

I: Mastoid Process of the Temporal B.

A: Extend neck working bilaterally, laterally flex
the Neck and rotate Face toward working unilaterally

26
Q

longissiumus group

A

L5, intermediate

longissimus thoracis m., longissimus cervicis m., longissimus capitis m.

27
Q

spinalis thoracis m. (often blends in with longissimus thoracis m.)

A

L5, medial

O: Spinous Processes T11- L2

I: Spinous Processes T1-4

28
Q

spinalis cervicis m. (usually absent)

A

L5, medial

O: Spinous Processes T1- 6

I: Spinous Processes C2 (3,4)

29
Q

spinalis capitis m. (usually absent or blended with semispinalis capitis m.)

A

nothing, we gucci

30
Q

spinalis group

A

L5, medial

spinalis thoracis m., spinalis cervicis m., spinalis capitis m.

31
Q

transversospinalis group consists of what muscles and is in what layer?

A

L6

semispinalis group (semisplinalis thoracis m., semispinalis cervicis m., semispinalis capitis m.), multifidus m., rotatores longus m., rotatores brevis m.

32
Q

semispinalis group

A

L6

semispinalis thoracis m., semispinalis cervicis m., semispinalis capitis m.

33
Q

semispinalis thoracis m. (thin)

A

L6

O: Transverse processes T6-12

I: Spinous processes C6-T4

A: Extend Spine and Rotate Spine away

N: Posterior Rami

34
Q

semispinalis cervicis m.

A

L6

O: Transverse processes T1-6

I: Spinous processes C2-5

A: Extend Spine and Rotate Spine away

N: Posterior Rami

35
Q

semispinalis capitis m. (best developed semispinalis)

A

L6

O: Transverse processes C7-T6, articular processes
C4-6

I: Between Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines of
the Occipital B.

A: Extent Head, Rotate Face away

N: Posterior Rami

36
Q

multifidus M. (best developed in lumbar region)

A

L6

O: Mamillary processes of Lumbar Vertebrae, Transverse
Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae and Articular Processes of C4-7

I: Spinous processes three numeric segments up
does not insert onto the Atlas

A: Extend Spine, Rotate the Spine away

N: Posterior Rami

37
Q

rotatores longus m. (extending 2 spinal segments)

A

L6

O: Transverse processes

I: Roots of Spinous processes 2 segments up

A: Extend Spine, Rotate the Spine away (primarily
proprioceptive)

N: Posterior Rami

38
Q

rotatores brevis m. (extending to adjacent spinal segment/next one up)

A

L6

O: Transverse processes

I: Roots of Spinous processes 1 number up

A: Extend Spine, Rotate the Spine away (primarily
proprioceptive)

N: Posterior Rami

39
Q

all intrinsic muscles are innervated by?

A

posterior rami

40
Q

other deep back muscles

A

interspinalis m., intertransversarii m., levator costarum longus m., levator costarum brevis m.

41
Q

interspinalis m. (best developed in cervical and lumbar regions)

A

deep

O: Spinous process

I: Adjacent Spinous process

A: Extend Spine

N: Posterior Rami

42
Q

order of layer 6 from smallest to longest?

A

rotatores brevis m., rotatores longus m., multifidus m., semispinalis m.

43
Q

intertransversarii m. (best developed in cervical and lumbar regions)

A

deep

O: Transverse process

I: Adjacent transverse process

A: Laterally Flex spine

N: Posterior portion (Posterior Rami), Anterior portion
(Anterior Rami)

44
Q

levator costarum longus m.

A

deep

O: Transverse Processes C7-T11

I: 2nd rib inferior to origin

A: Elevate ribs

N: Posterior Rami

45
Q

levator costarum brevis m.

A

deep

O: Transverse Processes C7-T11

I: Adjacent rib inferior to origin

A: Elevate ribs

N: Posterior Rami

46
Q

which back muscle is innervated by posterior and anterior rami?

A

intertransversarii m.

47
Q

suboccipital region

A

rectus capitis posterior major m., rectus capitis posterior minor m., obliquus capitis inferior m., obliquus capitis superior m.

48
Q

rectus capitis posterior major m. (medial border suboccipital border)

A

subocc. region

O: Spinous Process C2

I: Lateral portion Inferior Nuchal Line

A: Extend Head, Rotate Face toward

N: Suboccipital N.

49
Q

rectus capitis posterior minor m.

A

subocc. region

O: Posterior tubercle C1

I: Below Inferior Nuchal Line

A: Extend Head

N: Suboccipital N

50
Q

obliquus capitis inferior m. (inferior border of subocc triangle)

A

subocc. region

O: Spinous Process C2

I: Transverse process C1

A: Rotate the Face toward

N: Suboccipital N.

51
Q

obliquus capitis superior m. (lateral border of subocc triangle)

A

subocc. region

O: Transverse process C1

I: Between Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines

A: Extend and Laterally Flex Head

N: Suboccipital N.

52
Q

what three muscles make the subocc triangle?

A

rectus capitis posterior major m., obliquus capitis inferior m., obliquus capitis superior m.

53
Q

what are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

vertebral artery traveling through floor of triangle and suboccipital nerve (

54
Q

the superficial three layers are extrinsic and innervated by what or what?

A

branch of an anterior ramus or cranial nerve

MSK Exam 1 (12 decks)

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