Back Arthrology

Question 1

What are the types of synovial joints? (7)

Answer 1

planar
ginglymus
trochoid
condyloid
sellar
spherioidal
compound synovial

Question 2

What are the types of fibrous joints? (4)

Answer 2

sutures
schindylesis
gomphosis
syndesmosis

Question 3

What are the types of suture joints?

Answer 3

serrated suture
squamous suture
planar suture

Question 4

What is a squamous suture?

Answer 4

joined bone with 2 beveled surfaces

Question 5

what is a planar suture?

Answer 5

2 blunt ends joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 6

What is a schindylesis?

Answer 6

tongue-in-groove joined by fibrous connective tissue

fibrous joint

Question 7

What is a gomphosis?

Answer 7

peg-in-socket joined by fibrous connective tissue (teeth)

fibrous joint

Question 8

What is a syndesmosis?

Answer 8

2 bones separated by a fibrous membrane
radius and ulna
fibrous joint

Question 9

What are the types of cartilaginous joints? (2)

Answer 9

synchondrosis

symphysis

Question 10

What is a synchondrosis?

Answer 10

primary cartilagenous joint

temp unions of hyaline cartilage; usually btw diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 11

planar joint

Answer 11

synovial; plane flat; clavicle

Question 12

ginglymus joint

Answer 12

synovial

hinge

Question 13

trochoid joint

Answer 13

synovial

pivoting = ulna, atlantoaxial

Question 14

condyloid joint

Answer 14

synovial
one or 2 concave surfaces w/ 1 or 2 convex; biaxial
wrist

Question 15

sellar joint

Answer 15

synovial
saddle; both surfaces are convex and concave; biaxial
thumb

Question 16

spheroidal joint

Answer 16

synovial
ball and socket
hip

Question 17

compound synovial

Answer 17

any combo of synovial joints

Question 18

What is a symphysis?

Answer 18

secondary cartilaginous joints
strong and slightly moveable
pubic symphysis

Question 19

What is a compound joint?

Answer 19

includes articulations from multiple of synovial, fibrous, or cartilaginous

Question 20

What type of joint is C1/C2

Answer 20

cpd synovial

planar and trochoid

Question 21

What type of joints are C3-S1?

Answer 21

compound joint

symphysis and planar synovial

Question 22

What type of joint is S5 to Co1?

Answer 22

symphysis

Question 23

What type of joints are C1-S1?

Answer 23

zygophyseal

planar synovial

Question 24

What is the uncovertebral joint of Luschka?

Answer 24

cervical intervertebral joint
btwn the uncinate process of the inferior vertebra and surface of superior vertebra
unclear if it should be classified as synovial

Question 25

What is the anterior longitudinal L?

Answer 25

ligament that travels on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies

Question 26

What injury results in excessive stretching and even tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 26

whiplash

Question 27

When a fracture of the vertebral column occurs (except cervical fractures due to hyperextension), how should a pt be kept and why?

Answer 27

in hyperextension because the pull of the anterior long. ligament will help splint the bones and prevent further spinal cord injury

Question 28

What does the supraspinous ligament continue as in the cervical region?

Answer 28

ligamentum nuchae

Question 29

What are the two parts of intervertebral discs?

Answer 29

annulus fibrosis

nucleus pulposus

Question 30

How does disc herniation usually occur?

Answer 30

nucleus pulposus goes through annulus fibrosis posterolaterally where the annulus fib. has no support from ant and post longitudinal Ls

Question 31

What does disc herniation compress?

Answer 31

spinal nerve roots
cauda equina
spinal nerves in vertebral canal and intervertebral foramina

Question 32

Where does disc herniation most commonly occur?

Why?

Answer 32

L4/5 and L5/S1

discs are larger and more mobile

Question 33

What is the second number rule?

Answer 33

vertebral level at which a prolapse occurs will affect spinal nerve w/ 2nd number designation
ex: prolapse at C5/6 will affect nerve 6