Back and Spinal Cord

Question 0

normal thoracic curvature

Answer 0

kyphosis

Question 1

normal cervical curvature

Answer 1

lordosis

Question 2

normal lumbar curvature

Answer 2

lordosis

Question 3

normal sacral curvature

Answer 3

kyphosis

Question 4

normal curvature of spine prior to walking

Answer 4

kyphosis

Question 5

three pillars of the vertebral column

Answer 5

vertebral body, right and left articular processes

Question 6

ligament between vertebral body and spinal cord

Answer 6

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 7

function of anterior horn of spinal grey matter

Answer 7

motor

Question 8

function of posterior horn of spinal grey matter

Answer 8

sensory

Question 9

lateral horn of spinal grey matter function

Answer 9

autonomic

Question 10

alpha-motor neuron has ____ cell bodies, located in _____

Answer 10

one

anterior horn

Question 11

ANS neuron has _____ cell bodies, located in _____

Answer 11

2, presynaptic in IML, postsynaptic in either ganglia or target organ

Question 12

sympathetic presynaptic cell body located in

Answer 12

IML of T1-L2

Question 13

sympathetic postsynaptic cell body located in

Answer 13

ganglion in either sympathetic chain (paravertebral) or peripheral (prevertebral) ganglion

Question 14

parasympathetic presynaptic cell body located in

Answer 14

either brainstem or sacral IML

Question 15

postsynaptic cell body of parasympathetic nerve located in

Answer 15

either on target organ or a ganglion in the head

Question 16

sympathetic cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves synapse in

Answer 16

prevertebral ganglia

Question 17

sympathetic splanchnic nerves for Liver, Gallbladder, Stomach, Pancreas, Spleen synapse in

Answer 17

Celiac ganglion

Question 18

sympathetic splanchnic nerves for Intestines, Kidneys, Adrenal Gland, Rectum, Anal Sphincter, Bladder, and Gonads synapse in

Answer 18

Aorticorenal, Superior and Inferior Mesenteric ganglia

Question 19

Presynaptic axon enters ganglion through

Answer 19

White ramus communicans

Question 20

postsynaptic axon leaves ganglion through

Answer 20

gray ramus communicans

Question 21

splanchnic nerves that synapse elsewhere still. . .

Answer 21

travel through white ramus communicans and ganglion, they just don’t synapse there

Question 22

sacral parasympathetic outflow innervates

Answer 22

Bladder, genitals, descending colon and distal

Question 23

cranial parasympathetic outflow innervates

Answer 23

eyes, salivary and lacrimal glands, viscera (except what sacral innervates)

Question 24

function of extrinsic back muscles

Answer 24

anchor upper limb to axial skeleton

Question 25

extrinsic back muscles are innervated by

Answer 25

ventral rami of brachial plexus and CN XI

Question 26

erector spinae, medial to lateral

Answer 26

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

Question 27

ligaments connecting transverse processes

Answer 27

intertransverse ligaments

Question 28

ligaments connecting anterior vertebral bodies

Answer 28

anterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 29

ligaments between spinous processes

Answer 29

interspinous ligaments

Question 30

ligaments connecting the apices of the spinous processes

Answer 30

supraspinous ligament

Question 31

ligaments connecting lamina

Answer 31

ligamenta flava

Question 32

core of intervertebral disk

Answer 32

nucleus pulposus

Question 33

capsule of intervertebral disk

Answer 33

anulus fibrosus

Question 34

hypertrophy of ligamenta flava, encroachment on vertebral canal

Answer 34

spinal stenosis

Question 35

replaces interspinous ligament in cervical spine

Answer 35

ligamentum nuchae