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Question 1

Vertebral Column Mobility depends on what 4 things?

Answer 1

1. IV disks – thickness
2. Z joints – orientation of articular surfaces
3. Ribs – present?
4. Surrounding soft tissue – tension of joint capsule, mm, ligs.

Question 2

How much LUMBAR flexion, extension, rotation?

Answer 2

Flexion: 60 deg
Extension: 35 deg
Rotation: 5 deg

Question 3

How much THORACIC flex, ext, rotn?

Answer 3

Flexion: 45 deg
Extension: 35 deg
Rotation: 35 deg

Question 4

How much CERVICAL flex, ext, rotn?

Answer 4

Flexion: 40 deg
Extension: 75 deg
Rotation: 45-50 deg
Lateral Flex: 35-45

Question 5

How much lateral flexion is in the LUMBAR and THORACIC?

Answer 5

20 deg

Question 6

Trapezius

Answer 6

Ori: superior nuchal line, E.O.P, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C VII – T XII
Ins: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
N: CN XI (accessory), C3 and C4
Fn: elevation, retraction, depression, and upward rotation of the scapula

Question 7

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 7

Ori: SP of T VII – L V, sacrum, supraspinous lig, and thoracolumbar fascia
Ins: depth of inter-tubercular groove
N: Thoraco-dorsal
Fun: ext, add, and medial rotn of the arm. If arm is stabilized, then the mm can lift up the lower trunk

Question 8

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 8

Ori: C7 – T1
Ins: medial border of scapula at border or root of spine
Fn: Downward rotation + retraction

Question 9

Rhomboid Major

Answer 9

Ori: T2 – T5 (upper thoracic)
Ins: medial boarder of scapula, below the spine
Fn: downward rotation + retraction

Question 10

Serratus posterior sup.

Answer 10

Ori: spinous processes of C VII – TII, and nuchal ligament
Ins: upper boarders of ribs 2-5
N: T1-T4
Fun: elevation of the ribs for inspiration

Question 11

Serratus posterior inf

Answer 11

Ori: SP of T XII – L II, and supraspinous lig
Ins: lower boarders of ribs 9-12
N: T9 – T12
Fun: depression of the ribs as in expiration

Question 12

Splenius Capitus

Answer 12

Ori: nuchal lig and SP of C VII – T IV
Ins: superior nuchal line (lateral 1/3) and mastoid process
N: midd and lower cercial spinal nerves (posterior ramus)
Fun: lat flex and ipsil. rotn of the neck and head.

Question 13

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 13

Ori: SP of T III – T VI
Ins: TP of CI – CIII
N: midd and low cervical spinal nerves (dorsal ramus)
Fun: ext, ipilat torn of the head and neck

Question 14

What is the prime mover for shoulder extension?

Answer 14

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 15

What 3 mm make up the Erector Spinae

Answer 15

1. Ilio-costalis (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis)
2. Longissimus ( thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
3. Spinalis (thoracic, cervicic, capitis)
   * * extend and stabilize the vertebral column **

Question 16

What muscles occupy the bony gutter between the SPs and TPs (stabilizers of vertebral column)?

Answer 16

1. Semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitus)
2. Multifidus
3. Rotatores (longus and brevis)

Question 17

Name the 3 mm that make up the sub-occipital triangle

Answer 17

1. Obliquus capitus superior
2. Obliquus capitus posterior
3. Rectus capitus posterior major