B9 Respiration Flashcards
What is an aerobic respiration
And aerobic respiration is a chemical reaction that transfers energy to cells.The waste products of aerobic respiration of carbon dioxide and water.
What happens during an aerobic respiration
During aerobic respiration glucose reacts with oxygen.This reaction transfers energy that your cells can use. This energy is vital for anything that goes around in your body.
What kind of reaction profile is aerobic respiration
A aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction
What is an exothermic reaction
Exothermic reactions transfer energy to environment
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (energy transferred to the environment)
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6CO2 -> 6CO2+ 6H20
What is cytoplasm
Where enzymes are made .location of reactions in anaerobic respiration
What is a nucleus
Holds the genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration
What is mitochondrion
Contain the enzymes for aerobic respiration
What is cell membrane
Allows gasses and water to pass freely into and out of the cell. controls the passage of other molecules
What does a typical plant cell have that’s a typical animal cell doesn’t have?
- Cell wall
- chloroplast
Where does most of aerobic respiration take place
Mitochondria - the side of respiration
What is the energy from aerobic respiration used for?
- living skills that need energy to carry out basic functions of life.
- in animal cells energy from respiration is transferred to make muscles contract.
- in plants energy from respiration is transferred to make mineral irons such as nitrates from the soil into root hair cells. Also transferred to convert sugars ,nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which are brought up into proteins
- mammals and birds maintain a constant internal body temperature almost regardless of the temperature of the surroundings .energy transfered from respiration helps to stay warm
What are muscle tissues made up of?
Protein fibres that contract when energy is transferred from respiration
What do muscle fibres contain?
Muscle fibres contain many mitochondria to carry out aerobic respiration and transfer the energy needed
What does your muscles store glucose as
Carbohydrates glycogen
What is glycogen?
The storage form of glucose
When muscular activity increases what changes take place in your body?
-an increase in the heart rate, and the arteries supplying blood to your muscles dilate. These changes increase the flow of oxygenated blood to your exercising muscles as a result increase the rate of supply of oxygen and glucose for the increased cellular respiration rate.
-glycogen stores in the muscles are converted to glucose to supply the cells with the fuel they need for increased cellular respiration.
-Your breathing rate increases and you breathe more deeply. This means you breathe more often and also bring more into your lungs each time you breathe in.
The rate at which oxygen is brought into your body and picked up by your red blood cells is increased and this oxygen is carried to exercising muscles as a result of carbon dioxide can be removed more quickly from the blood in the lungs and breathed out.
Why does the response act to increase the rate of supply of glucose and oxygen to the muscles
Response act to increases the rate of supply of glucose and oxygen to the muscles and the rate of removal of carbon dioxide from the muscles
What is an anaerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen
Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid rather than carbon dioxide and water.
What is lactic acid
Lactic acid is the waste products produced during anaerobic respiration running fast can lead to a buildup of lactic acid in your muscles causing cramps .lactic acid also causes tooth decay
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in humans
Glucose -> lactic acid
What is the oxygen debt
After exercise oxygen is still needed to convert the accumulated lactic acid into glucose.The amount of oxygen needed is known as the oxygen debt.
What is the equation for oxygen debt repayment?
Lactic acid + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in other organisms
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide(energy transferred to the environment)
What is muscle fatigue
If muscles work hard for a long time they become fatigued and don’t contract efficiently. If they don’t get enough oxygen they will respire anaerobically.
What is a metabolism
All the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism including respiration
What is the energy transferred by respiration of cells use by
The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled process of metabolism that synthesises new molecules
What does metabolism include?
- Metabolism includes the conversion of glucose to starch glycogen and cellulose
- metabolism includes conversion of lipid molecules and the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which are used to synthesise proteins and bring excessive proteins to form urea
What functions does the liver have?
- detoxifies poisonous substance such as the ethanol from alcohol drinks
- Passing the breakdown products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys
- Breaking down old worn out blood cells and storing the iron until it needs to synthesise more blood cells
Where is lactic acid transported in the body
The muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose. The oxygen debt is paid once the lactic acid has been converted back to glucose and the glucose has been completely broken down in aerobic respiration to form carbon dioxide and water
What happens to the glucose is made by the lactic acid that isn’t needed
The glucose made from the lactic acid may be converted to glycogen and store in the liver untill it is needed.
What are common metabolic reactions?
- the conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen , and cellulose
- the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycereal and three fatty acid molecules
- the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids that are then used to make proteins
- the reactions of respiration
- the reactions of photosynthesis
- The breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys
What is the Hepatic vein in the liver?
Hepatic Vein carries blood from the liver onto the heart with a levels of food adjusted
What is a Hepatic artery?
Hepatic artery brings oxygenated blood to the liver
What is a Hepatic portal Vein?
Hepatic portal vein carries blood containing digestive food from the intestines to the liver
