B11 Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the blood stream. The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect.

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Chemical messenger produced in glands and carried by the blood to specific organs in the body.

Question 3

What is insulin?

Answer 3

A hormone that regulates the level of sugar in the blood and can be produced by genetically modified bacteria.

Question 4

what is adrenaline?

Answer 4

Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in times of fear or stress. It targets vital organs, increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles

Question 5

what is the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

The pituitary gland is the master gland and secretes several hormones into blood in response to body conditions. Some of these hormones to bring about specific effects.

Question 6

what are key endocrine glands?

Answer 6

they are the pituitary, thyroid , pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes.

Question 7

what is the role of endocrine gland?

Answer 7

• Controls growth in children
• Stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine to control the rate of metabolism.
• In women it stimulates the ovaries to produce and release eggs and make the female sex hormone oestrogen
• In men , stimulates the tests to make sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone

Question 8

What is the role of thyroid

Answer 8

controls the metabolic rate of the body

Question 9

What is a Pancreas?

Answer 9

Controls the levels of glucose in the blood

Question 10

What is a Adrenal?

Answer 10

Prepares the body for stressful situations - fight or flight response

Question 11

What are Ovaries?

Answer 11

Controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristcs and is involved in the menstrual cycle

Question 12

What are testes?

Answer 12

Controls the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the production of sperm

Question 13

How does Insulin control glucose levels?

Answer 13

Insulin acts in the liver to reduce blood glucose concentration by: increasing glucose absorption from the blood by the liver and muscles; converting excess glucose to glycogen which is stored mainly in liver but also muscle; increasing respiration in the liver.

Question 14

What is glucagon?

Answer 14

A hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycagon to glucose.

Question 15

How does glucagon control of blood glucose levels?

Answer 15

• If the blood glucose level is too low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon.
• This travels to the liver in the blood and causes the break-down of glycogen into glucose.
• The glucose enters the blood stream and glucose levels increase back to normal.
• This is an example of negative feedback.

Question 16

What causes diabetes?

Answer 16

• Type 2 diabetes is caused by a person’s body becoming resistant to insulin.
• Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin. It can be controlled by: monitoring the diet. injecting insulin.

Question 17

What does the Pancreas produce?

Answer 17

The pancreas produces glucagon , which allows glycogen to be converted back into glucose and released into the blood.

Question 18

What is negative feedback?

Answer 18

A negative feedback mechanism is an important type of control that is used in homeostasis. A negative feedback control system responds when conditions change from the ideal or set point and returns conditions to this set point. There is a continuous cycle of events in negative feedback.

Question 19

What effects does Adrenaline have?

Answer 19

• your heart rate and breathing rate increases
• stored glycogen in the liver to be converted to glucose for respiration
• the pupils of your eyes to dialte to let more light in

Question 20

What is puberty?

Answer 20

Puberty is the stage in life when a child’s body develops into an adult’s body.

Question 21

What is oestrogen?

Answer 21

A female sex hormone produced in the ovaries, which is responsible for puberty in girls and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Question 22

What is the function of Oestrogen?

Answer 22

Oestrogen is produced by the ovaries and makes the lining of the uterus repair itself and grow again after menstruation.

Question 23

What is ovulation?

Answer 23

The process of releasing an egg from an ovary.

Question 24

What is follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 24

(FSH) causes the eggs in ovary to mature (the eggs grow surrounded by cells called the follicle)

Question 25

What is luteinising hormone (LH)

Answer 25

Stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation

Question 26

What is progesterone?

Answer 26

• Progesterone is produced by the empty follicle in the ovary after the egg has been released.
• This hormone maintains the lining of the uterus during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
• If a woman becomes pregnant the follicle continues to produce progesterone and a placenta is formed.

Question 27

What is testosterone?

Answer 27

a hormone produced by the testes which controls the development of male secondary sexual characteristics , for example, facial hair.

Question 28

What is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 28

Recurring series of events in the human female reproductive system.

Question 29

What is contraception?

Answer 29

Any form of birth control used to prevent pregnancy.

Question 30

What do Contraceptive methods include?

Answer 30

Contraceptive methods include oral contraceptives, hormonal injections, implants and patches ,
-barrier methods : such as condoms and diaphragms , intrsuterine devices , spermicidal agents ,abstinence , and surgical sterillisation

Question 31

What is the advantages of fertillity treatment?

Answer 31

• It allows people to have babies of their own, who otherwise can’t due to a variety of reasons.
• Unused eggs can be used for research or donated to other couples.

Question 32

What is the disadvantages of fertillity treatment?

Answer 32

• There are side effects from the drugs used, such as hot flushes and severe headaches.
• It is very emotionally and physically stressful.