B9-Respiration Flashcards
Aerobic respiration word equation
Oxygen+glucose->water+carbon dioxide (+energy)
Where does respiration take place
Mostly in the mitochondria
Why is respiration important
supplies all energy needs for living processed in cells: basic functions, build up large molecules from smaller ones to make cell material and reverse during digestion and building activities (synthesis reaction)
Aerobic respiration chemical equation
6O2+C6H12O6->6H2O+6CO2
What happens during exercise
During exercise muscles contract
so they need more energy
therefore must respire more
So breathing rate increases at get more O2 into blood and remove more CO2
And heart rate increases as pumps more blood to deliver O2/glucose and remove CO2 to lungs
Also during exercise
Increase in blood and glucose…from liver storage in liver
Increase in blood flow to muscles (vasodilation)
Decrease in blood flow to digestive (vasoconstrictive)
If oxygen can’t be delivered quickly enough, energy can still be released from glucose
Glucose->lactic acid
However oxygen must later be used to remove the lactic acid:
Lactic acid+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water
This is known as the oxygen debt
Plants and microorganisms can also respire without oxygen
When plants respire they do not form lactic acid although some microorganisms do
Fermentation is
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is known as
Glucose->
Ethanol+carbon dioxide (energy transferred to the environment)
Metabolism
sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body of an organism.
Some energy is transferred by the organism for continual enzyme-controlled process of metabolism that
Make molecules or break them down
Examples of metabloic reactions
Conversion of glucose to starch,glycogen and cellulose, formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amnio acids that are then used to make proteins, reaction of respiration, reaction of photosynthesis and breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea excretion in th urine by the kidneys.
Role of the liver
very active organ with many different metabolic function e.g:
Detoxifying poisonous substances like ethanol from alcoholic drinks
Passing the breakdown products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys
Breaking down old, worn out blood cells and storing the iron until it is needed to synthesise more blood cells.
Removing lactic acid:
Liver also removes lactic acid:
lactic acid produced by muscles during anaerobic respiration. Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose. The oxygen debt is repaid once the lactic acid has been converted back to glucose this has been completely broken down in anaerobic respiration to form carbon dioxide and water. If it’s not needed the glucose made from lactic acid may be converted to glycogen and stored in the liver until needed.
