B9. Respiration Flashcards
Define the term respiration
Respiration is a chemical reaction carried out in all living organisms to release energy from glucose
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen ➡ carbon dioxide + water
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ➡ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
Mitochondria
What is the word equation for anaerobic respirations’ in animals?
glucose ➡ lactic acid
What is the oxygen debt?
The oxygen required to remove the build up of lactic acid in muscle cells after anaerobic respiration
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi?
glucose ➡ alcohol + carbon dioxide
Why do muscles need more oxygen during exercise?
Muscles need more oxygen during exercise because there is a greater energy demand due to increased muscle contractions, requiring more aerobic respiration
How does the body react to increased oxygen demand during exercise
The body reacts by increasing breathing rate, breath volume, and heart rate to supply more oxygenated blood to the muscles
Why does an individual continue to breathe heavily after vigorous exercise?
An individual continues to breathe heavily after vigorous exercise to pay off the oxygen debt and remove extra carbon dioxide from the body
What causes muscle fatigue during long periods of vigorous activity?
Muscle fatigue during long periods of vigorous activity is caused by increased levels of lactic acid building up in the muscles
What are the two ways the body can deal with lactic acid?
- Oxidising it to form carbon dioxide and water
- Converting it back back into glucose in the liver
Define oxygen debt in terms of lactic acid removal
Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
Define metabolism.
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
