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Biology GCSE > B16. Adaptations, Interdependence and Competition > Flashcards

B16. Adaptations, Interdependence and Competition Flashcards

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1
Q

State the levels of organisation in an ecosystem?

A

IPCE
Individual,
Population
Community
Ecosystem

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2
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The interaction between the living components and non-living components

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3
Q

State the factors that plant may compete for.

A

Light
Space
Water
Mineral ions from the soil

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4
Q

State the factors that animals might compete for

A

Food
Mates
Territory

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5
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Competition within a species

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6
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Competition between different species

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7
Q

What is interdependence?

A

Different species in a ecosystem depend on each other for various resources, if one species is removed, the whole community may be affected

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8
Q

What is a stable community?

A

A community in which all the biotic factors and all abiotic factors are balanced so that population sizes remain relatively constant

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9
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Non-living factors

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10
Q

State the abiotic factors that may affect an ecosystem

A

Light intensity
Temperature
Moisture
Soil pH and mineral content
Wind intensity and direction
Carbon dioxide level
Oxygen level

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11
Q

Why might light intensity affect an ecosystem?

A

Different species of plants may have different optimum light intensities for growth

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12
Q

Why does temperature affect an ecosystem?

A

Different species of plants and animals may have different optimum temperatures for growth and survival

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13
Q

How does soil pH affect an ecosystem?

A

Certain plants may grow better in either alkaline or acidic soil
Soil pH may affect the appearance of the plant

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14
Q

How does moisture level affect an ecosystem?

A

Many plants cannot survive in waterlogged soil as their roots cannot respire
Certain plants are adapted to high moisture levels

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15
Q

How does wind intensity affect an ecosystem?

A

Plant seeds are more likely to germinate in locations with lower wind intensity, which may also attract animals that depend on the plant to live nearby

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16
Q

How does soil mineral content affect an ecosystem?

A

Most plants require a high level of soil minerals to grow well

17
Q

Give an example of a type of plants that have adapted to low soil mineral content

A

Carnivorous plants catch insects to compensate for the low level of soil mineral content

18
Q

How does carbon dioxide concentration affect an ecosystem?

A

Higher carbon dioxide concentration leads to more plant growth

19
Q

How does oxygen concentration affect an ecosystem?

A

Aquatic animals cannot survive in areas with low oxygen concentration

20
Q

State the biotic factors that may affect an ecosystem

A

Food
New predators
New pathogens
Competition

21
Q

What are adaptations?

A

Features that enable organisms to survive in their living environment

22
Q

What are organisms living in extreme environments called?

A

Extremophiles

23
Q

Give 3 examples of extreme living environments

A

High temperature
High pressure
High salt concentration

24
Q

State an example of where extremophile bacteria can be found

A

In deep sea vents

25
Q

What piece of apparatus is used to measure the abundance and distribution of organisms in an area?

A

Quadrat

26
Q

When considering the abundance of organisms, what is meant by the term “mean”?

A

The average number of organisms

27
Q

How is the arithmetic mean calculated?

A

Sum of each number of each organism ÷ the total number of each type of organism

28
Q

When considering the abundance of different organisms, what is meant by the term “mode”?

A

The most populous organism

29
Q

When considering the abundance of different organisms, what is meant by the term “median”?

A

The organism that represents the middle value when the numbers of each organism are arranged from lowest to highest

Biology GCSE (14 decks)

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