B7. Non-communicable diseases Flashcards
Define the term health
An individual’s health is their state of physical and mental wellbeing
Give three examples of non-communicable diseases
Lung disease
Lung cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Type 2 diabetes
Liver disease
Cancer
Define the term risk factor
A risk factor is a factor that increases the likelihood of developing a disease. Exposure to a risk factor does not mean that disease will definitely occur
What are some lifestyle factors that can affect the incidence of non-communicable disease?
Diet
Alcohol consumption
Smoking
What is the difference between correlation and causation?
Correlation is an association between two factors while causation is when a change in one factor causes a change in another. A correlation between two factors not not guarantee that there is a casual link
Give two examples of risk factors that have been casually linked to a disease.
Diet/smoking/exercise and CVD
obesity and type 2 diabetes
Alcohol and liver disease
Smoking and lung disease/ lung cancer
Smoking/ alcohol and fetal development
Ionising radiation and cancer
Define the term sampling.
Sampling involves collecting data on a small section of the population that can be used to represent an entire population
What is cancer?
Cancer occurs when changes in fells cause uncontrolled cell growth and division; this leads to tumour development
What is a benign tumour?
A benign tumour is a group of abnormal cells contained within one area and usually surrounded by a membrane. Benign tumours do not spread to other parts of the body
Give two features of a malignant tumour
Cancerous
They can invade nearby tissues
What are some of the lifestyle risk factors associated with cancer?
Diet
Smoking
Exposure to UV radiation
Exposure to certain viruses
