B9 Flashcards
What is respiration?
Process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose , and it goes on in every cell in the body continuously.
Where does respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What type of reaction is respiration?
Exothermic-transfers energy to the environment
What is done with energy supplied by respiration?
Used for all living processes
- build up larger molecules from smaller ones (like proteins from amino acids )
- animals use it to allow muscled to contract
- in mammals and birds it is used to keep a steady body temperature
Ways respiration can take place in cells?
Aerobically
Anaerobically
What is the metabolism
Sum of all chemical reactions happening in the body
What controls the metabolism?
Enzymes
Aerobic respiration equation?
Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
Symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —>6CO2 + 6H2O
Why do organisms need energy?
- chemical reactions to build larger molecules
- movement
- keeping warm
How are large molecules made from smaller molecules during metabolic reactions?
- Lots of small glucose molecules are joined together in reactions to form starch(storage molecule in plants) glycogen (storage molecules in animals) and cellulose(for cell wall)
- lipids are made from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
- glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids
How do large molecules get broken down in a metabolic reactions?
- glucose broken down in respiration
- protein broken down in a reaction to produce urea.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration using oxygen, happens inside the mitochondria.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen, the incomplete breakdown of glucose , making lactic acid.
Instances when anaerobic respiration takes place?
emergencies. When you do exercise and your body cant supply enough oxygen to your body , at a fast enough rate
Equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose —> lactic acid
Why is much less energy transferred in anaerobic respiration?
Oxidation of glucose is incomplete, so much less energy is transferred than in aerobic respiration.
Equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast ?
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?
Fermentation
Why fermentation is useful?
In food and drinks industry , fermentation by yeast is off great value , as it is made to use bread and alcoholic drinks
What makes bread rise?
Carbon dioxide from fermentation.
What increases in demand when somebody exercises?
Energy
Why does the heart rate , breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise ?
Working harder to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood.
When do muscles need energy from respiration ?
When they contract. When you exercise contraction is more frequent so more energy is needed
Why is anaerobic respiration not the best way to transfer energy from glucose ?
Leads to lactic acid build up in the muscles , which leads to fatigue
What is an oxygen debt?
After resorting to anaerobic respiration you will get it. It is the amount of extra oxygen your body needs to react with the build up of lactic acid and remove it from cells. So oxygen that you didn’t get during oxygen needs to be repayed
Why do you keep breathing after exercise?
Body needs to get more oxygen into blood which is transported to the muscle cells
What happens to lactic acid after exercise ?
Blood flowing through muscled transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose.
Why does lactic acid build up ?
The incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build up of lactic acid and creates and oxygen debt
How to measure breathing rate?
Count breaths
How to measure heart rate ?
Take pulse
How to measure effect of exercise on the body?
Measure heart rate when , sitting , walking , jogging and sprinting.
