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GCSE Biology > B7 > Flashcards

B7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is health?

A

A state of physical or mental well being, diseases are usually responsible for ill health

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2
Q

What is a non communicable disease?

A

A disease that Cannot spread. Generally last for a long time and get worse slowly.

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3
Q

Examples of communicable diseases?

A

Cancer, asthma ,coronary heart disease

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4
Q

How diseases can interact ?

A
  • weak immune system can lead to communicable diseases like influenza(flu) as body is less likely to defend against pathogens
  • cancer can sometimes be triggered by infection by certain viruses. Eg. Infection with some types of hepatitis virus can cause long term liver infections, increasing chance of liver cancer
  • immune system reactions in body caused by infections by a pathogen can sometimes trigger allergic reactions
  • mental health issues can sometimes lead to severe physical health problems
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5
Q

What factors effect your health?

A
  • diet -poor diet can effect mental health and physical health, should be ballanced
  • stress-too much stress can lead to mental and physical health problems
  • life situation-access to healthcare, access to healthy food , access to contraceptives
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6
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled growth and devision that changes cells and results in a formation of a tumour. Not all tumour are cancerous

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7
Q

What is a benign tumour ?

A

Tumour grows until there is no more room . The tumour stays in one place rather than invading other tissues in the body. Isn’t normally dangerous and the tumour isn’t considered cancerous

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8
Q

What is a malignant tumour ?

A

Where tumour grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues. Cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in blood stream . Malignant cells then invade healthy tissues in form secondary tumours . Malignant tumours are dangerous and are called cancers .

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9
Q

What increases the risk of getting cancer? in order of preventability .

A

1) smoking-linked to lung cancer , but also linked to bowel , mouth , stomach and cervical cancer
2) obesity- can cause bowel, liver and kidney cancer.
3) uv radiation - uv radiation from sun can cause skin cancer.
4) viral infections- hepatitis b and c infections can risk liver cancer. Depends of lifestyle . Using needles or unprotected sex.

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10
Q

How can cancer be caused genetically ?

A
  • sometimes inherit faulty genes making you more susceptible to cancer
  • for example mutations in BRCA genes have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing breast and ovarian cancer
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11
Q

What are risk factors?

A
  • things linked to an increase in the likelihood of getting a certain disease during their lifetime
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12
Q

What usually are risk factors?

A
  • aspects of a persons lifestyle
  • substances in persons body
  • environment
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13
Q

What are carcinogens?

A

Things that cause cancer

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14
Q

How is smoking a risk factor for diseases?

A

-directly linked to cardiovascular disease , lung cancer and lung diseases . Damages walls of the arteries and cells in the lining of the lungs

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15
Q

How is obesity a risk factor for disease?

A

Linked directly to cause type 2 diabetes by making body less sensitive or resistant to insulin , meaning it struggles to control concentration of glucose in blood

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16
Q

How drinking too much alcohol is a risk factor for disease?

A

Shown to cause liver cancer. Can effect brain function , it damages nerve cells in the brain , causing brain to lose volume

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17
Q

How smoking when pregnant can be a problem?

A

Cause lots of health problems for the unborn baby. Drinking alcohol has similar effects . May lead to premature births

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18
Q

How carcinogens are a risk factor for disease?

A

Cancer can be directly caused by exposure to uv radiation. Ionising radiation is a carcinogen

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19
Q

How lifestyle factors effect human and financial costs of disease?

A
  • in developed countries non communicable diseases are more common as people have higher incomes to buy fatty food
  • deprived areas are more likely to smoke , have a poor diet and not exercise. Cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes are more common .
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20
Q

How cardiovascular disease it caused?

A
  • high fat diet and lack of exercise correlate with cardio vascular disease but do not directly cause it
  • high blood pressure and high bad cholesterol levels cause it
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21
Q

How non communicable disease are costly in terms of humans?

A
  • ten of millions die every year
  • lower quality and shorter life spans
  • effects loved ones
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22
Q

How non communicable diseases are financially costly ?

A
  • Cost to NHS for research and treatment is huge
  • effects lives of people as will have to pay large sums of money for treatment
  • reduce workers
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23
Q

Compositions of cigarettes?

A

S-nicotine makes them addictive but is a relatively harmless drug. Produces sensation of calmness
-carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas found in tobacco smoke. After smoking cigarette 10% of blood will carry carbon monoxide instead of oxygen making gas exchange less efficient and why many smokers get breathless when exercise

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24
Q

What is health?

A

A state of physical or mental well being, diseases are usually responsible for ill health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a non communicable disease?

A

A disease that Cannot spread. Generally last for a long time and get worse slowly.

26
Q

Examples of communicable diseases?

A

Cancer, asthma ,coronary heart disease

27
Q

How diseases can interact ?

A
  • weak immune system can lead to communicable diseases like influenza(flu) as body is less likely to defend against pathogens
  • cancer can sometimes be triggered by infection by certain viruses. Eg. Infection with some types of hepatitis virus can cause long term liver infections, increasing chance of liver cancer
  • immune system reactions in body caused by infections by a pathogen can sometimes trigger allergic reactions
  • mental health issues can sometimes lead to severe physical health problems
28
Q

What factors effect your health?

A
  • diet -poor diet can effect mental health and physical health, should be ballanced
  • stress-too much stress can lead to mental and physical health problems
  • life situation-access to healthcare, access to healthy food , access to contraceptives
29
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled growth and devision that changes cells and results in a formation of a tumour. Not all tumour are cancerous

30
Q

What is a benign tumour ?

A

Tumour grows until there is no more room . The tumour stays in one place rather than invading other tissues in the body. Isn’t normally dangerous and the tumour isn’t considered cancerous

31
Q

What is a malignant tumour ?

A

Where tumour grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues. Cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in blood stream . Malignant cells then invade healthy tissues in form secondary tumours . Malignant tumours are dangerous and are called cancers .

32
Q

What increases the risk of getting cancer? in order of preventability .

A

1) smoking-linked to lung cancer , but also linked to bowel , mouth , stomach and cervical cancer
2) obesity- can cause bowel, liver and kidney cancer.
3) uv radiation - uv radiation from sun can cause skin cancer.
4) viral infections- hepatitis b and c infections can risk liver cancer. Depends of lifestyle . Using needles or unprotected sex.

33
Q

How can cancer be caused genetically ?

A
  • sometimes inherit faulty genes making you more susceptible to cancer
  • for example mutations in BRCA genes have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing breast and ovarian cancer
34
Q

What are risk factors?

A
  • things linked to an increase in the likelihood of getting a certain disease during their lifetime
35
Q

What usually are risk factors?

A
  • aspects of a persons lifestyle
  • substances in persons body
  • environment
36
Q

What are carcinogens?

A

Things that cause cancer

37
Q

How is smoking a risk factor for diseases?

A

-directly linked to cardiovascular disease , lung cancer and lung diseases . Damages walls of the arteries and cells in the lining of the lungs

38
Q

How is obesity a risk factor for disease?

A

Linked directly to cause type 2 diabetes by making body less sensitive or resistant to insulin , meaning it struggles to control concentration of glucose in blood

39
Q

How drinking too much alcohol is a risk factor for disease?

A

Shown to cause liver cancer. Can effect brain function , it damages nerve cells in the brain , causing brain to lose volume

40
Q

How smoking when pregnant can be a problem?

A

Cause lots of health problems for the unborn baby. Drinking alcohol has similar effects . May lead to premature births

41
Q

How carcinogens are a risk factor for disease?

A

Cancer can be directly caused by exposure to uv radiation. Ionising radiation is a carcinogen

42
Q

How lifestyle factors effect human and financial costs of disease?

A
  • in developed countries non communicable diseases are more common as people have higher incomes to buy fatty food
  • deprived areas are more likely to smoke , have a poor diet and not exercise. Cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes are more common .
43
Q

What is health?

A

A state of physical or mental well being, diseases are usually responsible for ill health

44
Q

What is a non communicable disease?

A

A disease that Cannot spread. Generally last for a long time and get worse slowly.

45
Q

Examples of non communicable diseases?

A

Cancer, asthma ,coronary heart disease

46
Q

How diseases can interact ?

A
  • weak immune system can lead to communicable diseases like influenza(flu) as body is less likely to defend against pathogens
  • cancer can sometimes be triggered by infection by certain viruses. Eg. Infection with some types of hepatitis virus can cause long term liver infections, increasing chance of liver cancer
  • immune system reactions in body caused by infections by a pathogen can sometimes trigger allergic reactions
  • mental health issues can sometimes lead to severe physical health problems
47
Q

What factors effect your health?

A
  • diet -poor diet can effect mental health and physical health, should be ballanced
  • stress-too much stress can lead to mental and physical health problems
  • life situation-access to healthcare, access to healthy food , access to contraceptives
48
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled growth and devision that changes cells and results in a formation of a tumour. Not all tumour are cancerous

49
Q

What is a benign tumour ?

A

Tumour grows until there is no more room . The tumour stays in one place rather than invading other tissues in the body. Isn’t normally dangerous and the tumour isn’t considered cancerous

50
Q

What is a malignant tumour ?

A

Where tumour grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues. Cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in blood stream . Malignant cells then invade healthy tissues in form secondary tumours . Malignant tumours are dangerous and are called cancers .

51
Q

What increases the risk of getting cancer? in order of preventability .

A

1) smoking-linked to lung cancer , but also linked to bowel , mouth , stomach and cervical cancer
2) obesity- can cause bowel, liver and kidney cancer.
3) uv radiation - uv radiation from sun can cause skin cancer.
4) viral infections- hepatitis b and c infections can risk liver cancer. Depends of lifestyle . Using needles or unprotected sex.

52
Q

How can cancer be caused genetically ?

A
  • sometimes inherit faulty genes making you more susceptible to cancer
  • for example mutations in BRCA genes have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing breast and ovarian cancer
53
Q

What are risk factors?

A
  • things linked to an increase in the likelihood of getting a certain disease during their lifetime
54
Q

What usually are risk factors?

A
  • aspects of a persons lifestyle
  • substances in persons body
  • environment
55
Q

What are carcinogens?

A

Things that cause cancer

56
Q

How is smoking a risk factor for diseases?

A

-directly linked to cardiovascular disease , lung cancer and lung diseases . Damages walls of the arteries and cells in the lining of the lungs

57
Q

How is obesity a risk factor for disease?

A

Linked directly to cause type 2 diabetes by making body less sensitive or resistant to insulin , meaning it struggles to control concentration of glucose in blood

58
Q

How drinking too much alcohol is a risk factor for disease?

A

Shown to cause liver cancer. Can effect brain function , it damages nerve cells in the brain , causing brain to lose volume

59
Q

How smoking when pregnant can be a problem?

A

Cause lots of health problems for the unborn baby. Drinking alcohol has similar effects . May lead to premature births

60
Q

How carcinogens are a risk factor for disease?

A

Cancer can be directly caused by exposure to uv radiation. Ionising radiation is a carcinogen

61
Q

How lifestyle factors effect human and financial costs of disease?

A
  • in developed countries non communicable diseases are more common as people have higher incomes to buy fatty food
  • deprived areas are more likely to smoke , have a poor diet and not exercise. Cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes are more common .

GCSE Biology (20 decks)

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