B8 Vocabulary Flashcards
any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange
Alveoli
temporary cessation of breathing,
especially during sleep
Apnea
a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing
Asthma
: The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs
Bronchi
inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. It typically causes bronchospasm and coughing
Bronchitis
is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
skin that is blue or gray
Cyanotic
The strong, dome-shaped muscle that
separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and assists in breathing.
Diaphragm
difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
a condition in which the air sacs of
the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness
Emphysema
a flap of cartilage at the root of the
tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe
Epiglottis
cough or spit out (phlegm) from the
throat or lungs
Expectorate
the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box
Larynx
the nostrils
Nares
also known as “whooping cough,” is a
highly contagious, acute respiratory illness characterized by fits of coughing and caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis.
Pertussis
lung inflammation caused by bacterial
or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid
Pneumonia
is a feeling of difficult or labored breathing that is out of proportion to the person’s level of physical activity
Shortness of Breath SOB
a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the
lungs; the windpipe
Trachea
relating to or affecting respiration or the organs of respiration.
Respiratory
Genitourinary/ Urinary:
A common, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
a membranous sac in humans and other animals, in which urine is collected for excretion
Bladder
A procedure that is done to remove waste products and fluids from the body when a person’s kidneys fail and can no longer perform this task.
Dialysis
painful or difficult urination
Dysuria
Clumps of minerals that form in the
kidneys and bladder. Symptoms include severe flank pain and blood in the urine
Kidney Stone
a condition where the individual has to
wake at night one or more times for voiding
Nocturia
a condition in which the kidneys
fail to function adequately
Renal Failure
is an infection a person can get by having sex
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)
is the creation of a stoma (a new,
artificial outlet) for a URETER or kidney to permit urine to pass
Ureterostomy
as the inability to completely
or partially empty the bladder
Urinary Retention
Infection within any part of the urinary system that can cause symptoms of burning, cramping, and a frequent
urge to urinate.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
relating to the stomach and the intestines.relating to the process of digesting food.
Gastrointestinal/ Digestive
: an act of defecation
Bowel Movement
also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the
normal movement of the products of digestion
Bowel Obstruction
close-fitting legless underpants that are cut so as to cover the body to the waist, used for persons who are incontinent
Briefs
a surgical operation in which a piece of
the COLON is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of
the colon
Colostomy
the inability to eliminate stool, or the
infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool.
Constipation
the discharge of feces from the body
Defecation
a condition in which feces are
discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form
Diarrhea
a specific amount of water, with or without an additive, which is introduced into the colon to
stimulate the elimination of stool
Enema
is a solid, immobile bulk of feces
that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation.
Fecal Impaction
gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation
Flatus
gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
a swollen vein or group of veins in
the region of the anus
Hemorrhoids
a surgical operation in which a piece of
the ILEUM is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall
Ileostomy
a surgical operation in which a piece of
the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of the colon
Colostomy
a lesion in the lining (mucosa) of the
digestive tract, typically in the stomach or duodenum, caused by the digestive action of pepsin and stomach acid
Peptic Ulcers
The term used when liquid backs up into the esophagus from the stomach
Reflux
an artificial opening in the body from
which waste can be eliminated
Stoma
relating to or denoting glands which secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.
“the endocrine system”
Endocrine:
the concentration of glucose in the
blood
Blood Sugar
the immune system makes antibodies that act against the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Type 2
diabetes (formerly called adult-onset or non-insulin dependent diabetes) can develop at any age
Diabetes Types 1 & 2
a medical device for determining the
approximate concentration of glucose in the blood
Glucometer
chemical substances created by the
body that control numerous body functions
Hormones
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a
form of diabetes
Insulin
physical and chemical processes by
which substances are produced or broken down into energy or products for use by the body
Metabolism
a large GLAND behind the stomach that
secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the
hormones insulin and glucagon
Pancreas
production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine
Polyuria
a large ductless gland in the neck that
secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism
Thyroid
