B5 Vocabulary Flashcards
disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which the body’s immune system is weakened and unable to fight infection
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
an agent that destroys, resists, or
prevents the development of pathogens
Anti-Microbial
The process of removing pathogens, or the state of being free of pathogens
Asepsis
a one-celled organism including some
that can cause disease
Bacteria
a risk to human health or the
environment arising from biological work, especially with microorganisms
Biohazardous
pathogenic
microorganisms that are present in human blood
and can cause disease in humans
Blood Borne
bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis
C-Diff Clostridium Difficile
a government agency under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that issues information to protect the health of individuals and communities
Center for Disease Control (CDC)
way of describing how disease
is transmitted from one being to another
Chain of Infection
: (of a disease) able to be
transmitted from one sufferer to another; contagious or infectious
Communicable
: Precautions used when there
is a risk of transmitting or contracting a
microorganism from TOUCHING an infected object or person.
Contact Precautions
the action or state of making or
being made impure by polluting or poisoning
Contamination
the process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one substance or
object to another, with harmful effect
Cross Contamination
a chemical liquid that destroys
bacteria
Disinfectants
only to be used once and then
discarded
Disposable
designed to identify in writing, tasks and procedures, as well as job
classifications where occupational exposure to blood or other POTENTIALLY infectious materials occurs
Exposure Control Plan
a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an
employee’s duties
Exposure Incident
an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care
Healthcare- Associated Infection (HAI)
washing hands with either plain or
antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs
Hand Hygiene
inflammation of the liver caused by
certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma
Hepatitis
is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body’s natural defense system
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
the state resulting from pathogens
invading the body and multiplying
Infection
the set of methods practiced
in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease
Infection Prevention
a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh, and often occurring in epidemics
Influenza
The physical separation of individuals
with certain infections from other people to prevent or limit the transmission of disease.
Isolation
are defined as bacteria that have become resistant to more than one class of antimicrobial agents and
usually are resistant to all but one or two commercially available antimicrobial agents, complicating treatment of illnesses they cause.
Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDRO’s)
a living thing or organism that is
so small that it can be seen only through a microscope; also called microbe
Microorganism
the membranes that line body
cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals
Mucus Membranes
Microorganisms incapable of
causing disease
Non-Pathogens
are bacteria which are found in or
on our bodies on a semi-permanent basis without causing disease
Normal Flora
an agency of the US government under
the Department of Labor with the responsibility of ensuring safety at work and a healthful work environment. OSHA’s mission is to prevent workrelated injuries, illnesses and deaths
OSHA
a microorganism that is capable of
causing infection and disease
Pathogens
equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with workplace hazards
PPE- Personal Protective Equipment
Isolation procedures designed to
protect a patient from infectious organisms that might be carried by staff or visitors. Patients who have a decreased immune system, usually from chemotherapy, may be placed in reverse isolation
Reverse Isolation
an acute, painful inflammation of the
nerve ganglia, with a skin eruption often forming a girdle around the middle of the body. It is caused by
the same virus as chickenpox
Shingles
a method of infection prevention in which ALL blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease
Standard Precautions
free from bacteria or other living
microorganisms; totally clean
Sterile
A method of infection control used when caring for persons when standard precautions alone are not sufficient to prevent the spread of an infectious agent.
Transmission-Based Precautions
highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air
Tuberculosis (TB)
A pathogen which can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell.
Virus
