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RDS Test 3 > B8-036 Breast Pathology > Flashcards

B8-036 Breast Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

genes that increase risk of breast cancer [3]

A

BRCA1
BRCA2
PALB2

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2
Q

[BRCA1 vs BRCA2]
younger age of onset

A

BRCA1

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3
Q

[BRCA1 vs BRCA2]
increased risk of ovarian, endometrial, and colorectal cancers

A

BRCA1

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4
Q

[BRCA1 vs BRCA2]
associated with risk of triple negative breast cancers

A

BRCA1

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5
Q

[BRCA1 vs BRCA2]
increased risk of cervical cancer, and breast cancer in men

A

BRCA2

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6
Q

[BRCA1 vs BRCA2]
associated with hormone receptor positive breast cancers

A

BRCA2

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7
Q

[BRCA1 vs BRCA2]
well demarcated tumors, solid nests, lymphocytoplasmic infiltrate, high mitotic activity

A

BRCA1

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8
Q

arises from ductal atypia and fills ductal lumen; no penetration of basement membrane

often seen early as microcalcifications on mammnography

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

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9
Q

extension of underlying DCIS/invasive breast cancer up the lactiferous ducts and into the contiguous skin of the nipple

A

paget’s

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10
Q

eczematous patches over nipple and areolar skin

A

paget’s

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11
Q

decrease E-cadherin expression
no mass or calcification

incidental biopsy finding

A

lobular carcinoma in situ

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12
Q

[ductal/lobular] carcinoma in situ increase the chance of cancer in either breast

A

lobular

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13
Q

[ductal/lobular] carcinoma in situ increase the chance of cancer the same breast and quadrant

A

ductal

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14
Q

most common type of invasive breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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15
Q

firm, fibrous, “rock-hard” mass with sharp margins and small, glandular duct-like cells in a desmoplastic stroma

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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16
Q

decreased E cadherin expression –> single file row of cells
no duct formation
lacks desmoplastic response

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

(Lines of cells=Lobular)

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17
Q

invasive carcinoma, often bilateral with multiple lesions in the same location

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

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18
Q

dermal lymphatic space invasion –> breast pain with warm, swollen, erythematous skin around exaggerated hair follicles

A

inflammatory carcinoma

(peau d’orange)

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19
Q

invasive carcinoma with very poor prognosis

A

inflammatory

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20
Q

often mistaken for mastitis or Paget’s disease

lacks a palpable mass

A

inflammatory carcinoma

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21
Q

breast carcinomas showing a special histologic pattern in greater or equal to […]% of the tumor are designated as pure special tumor type

A

90

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22
Q

low grade invasive carcinoma composed of well-formed tubules with open lumen

A

tubular carcinoma

(great prognosis)

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23
Q

characterized by clusters of epithelial cells suspended in mucin pools

A

mucinous carcinoma

(great prognosis, unless mixed with ductal)

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24
Q

most important prognostic factor for invasive carcinoma

A

presence of distant metastases

(and lymphovascular invasion, suggests mets)

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25
Q

breast cancer most commonly presents as a palpable hard mass in the […] quadrant

A

upper outer

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26
Q

risk of axillary lymph node metastasis increases with […] of primary tumor

A

size

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27
Q

biomarkers tested in breast cancer [3]

A

ER
PR
HER2

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28
Q

Luminal A cancers respond to […] therapy

A

antihormonal

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29
Q

ER positive, Her2 negative, low proliferation

A

Luminal A

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30
Q

ER positive, Her2 negative, high proliferation

A

Luminal B

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31
Q

Luminal B is associated with […] mutations

A

BRCA2

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32
Q

Her2 cancers respond to […] therapy

A

Herceptin (trastuzumab)

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33
Q

ER negative, Her2 negative

A

basal-like

34
Q

basal-like cancers are more common in […] patients

A

young

35
Q

basal-like cancers may be associated with […] mutation

A

BRCA1

36
Q

most common benign tumor of the breast in women

A

fibroadenoma

37
Q

rubbery, painless palpable mass with round, sharply demarcated borders

A

fibroadenoma

38
Q

fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors are driven by mutations in […]

A

MED12

39
Q

large mass of connective tissue and cysts with “leaflike” lobulations

A

phyllodes tumor

(can become malignant)

40
Q

most common lesion in breast of men

A

gynecomastia

41
Q

increased incidence of breast cancer in men is seen in patients with […] syndrome

A

klinefelters

42
Q

Malignant proliferation of cells in ducts with no invasion of the basement membrane

A

DCIS

43
Q

Often detected as calcification on mammography; does not usually produce a mass.

A

DCIS

(Mammographic calcifications can also be associated with benign conditions
such as fibrocystic changes (especially sclerosing adenosis) and fat necrosis)

44
Q

DCIS that extends up the ducts to involve the skin of the nipple

A

Paget disease

45
Q

Paget disease of the breast is almost always associated with an underlying
[…]

A

carcinoma

46
Q

Invasive carcinoma that classically forms duct-like structures

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

47
Q

Most common type of invasive carcinoma in the breast, accounting for > 80% of cases

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

48
Q

Biopsy usually shows duct-like structures in a desmoplastic stroma

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

49
Q

special subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma [4]

A

tubular
mucinous
medullary
inflammatory

50
Q

subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma characterized by well-differentiated tubules that lack myoepithelial cells

A

tubular

51
Q

subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma characterized by carcinoma with abundant extracellular mucin

A

mucinous

‘tumor cells floating in a mucus pool’

52
Q

subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma characterized by large, high-grade cells growing in sheets with associated lymphocytes and plasma cells

A

medullary

53
Q

subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma with increased incidence in BRCA1 carriers

A

medullary

54
Q

subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma that grows as a well-circumscribed mass that can mimic fibroadenoma on mammography

A

medullary

55
Q

subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma
characterized by carcinoma in dermal lymphatics

A

inflammatory

56
Q

subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma that presents classically as an inflamed, swollen breast (tumor cells block drainage of lymphatics) with no discrete mass; can be mistaken for acute mastitis

A

inflammatory

(poor prognosis)

57
Q

Malignant proliferation of cells in lobules with no invasion of the basement membrane

A

LCIS

58
Q

[DCIS/LCIS] does not produce a mass or calcifications and is usually discovered incidentally
on biopsy

A

LCIS

59
Q

Characterized by dyscohesive cells lacking E-cadherin adhesion protein

A

LCIS

60
Q

[DCIS/LCIS] Often multifocal and bilateral

A

LCIS

61
Q

characteristically grows in a single-file pattern

cells may exhibit signet-ring morphology

No duct formation due to lack of E-cadherin

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

62
Q

where are ER and PR receptors located in the cell?

A

nucleus

63
Q

where is the Her2 receptor located in the cell?

A

growth factor receptor present on cell’s surface

64
Q

Presence of ER and PR is associated with response to antiestrogenic agents like [medication]

A

tamoxifen

65
Q

HER2/neu amplification is associated with response to [medication]

A

trastuzumab (Herceptin)

66
Q

breast cancer in males usually presents as a […] mass in older males

A

subareolar

67
Q

breast cancers in males represent […]% of all breast cancers

A

1

68
Q

Most common histological subtype of breast cancer in males is […]

A

invasive ductal carcinoma.

69
Q

male breast cancer is associated with […] mutations and […] syndrome

A

male breast cancer is associated with [BRCA2] mutations and [Klinefelter] syndrome

70
Q

single most important prognostic factor in carcinoma of the breast

A

axillary lymph node status

71
Q

[BRCA 1 vs BRCA 2]

more commonly ER negative

A

BRCA 1

72
Q

[BRCA 1 vs BRCA 2]

has distinct medullary carcinoma morphology

A

BRCA 1

73
Q

[BRCA 1 vs BRCA 2]

more commonly ER+

A

BRCA 2

74
Q

[BRCA 1 vs BRCA 2]

more commonly associated with male breast cancer

A

BRCA2

75
Q

[BRCA 1 vs BRCA 2]

higher risk of ovarian cancers

A

BRCA1

76
Q

firm, gritty, chalky mass composed of gland-like structures infiltrating into adjacent stroma
surrounded by strong desmoplastic reaction

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

77
Q

oozing red patch on nipple
involvement of epidermis by malignant cells

large cells with abundant clear cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei

A

paget

78
Q

nodular breast with microcalcifications, fibrosis, cysts, apocrine metaplasia, and adenosis

A

fibrocystic changes

79
Q

ducts contain solid sheets of large malignant cells with central necrosis

myoepithelial layer present around each duct

A

DCIS

80
Q

mammogram is used to detect […] in screening for breast cancer

A

abnormal calcifications

81
Q

tend to metastasize to the leptomeninges causing “carcinoma meningitis”

A

lobular carcinomas

82
Q

small, poorly cohesive cells and signet ring cells

A

lobular carcinoma

RDS Test 3 (15 decks)

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