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BMB Test 2 > B7.025 Cranial Nerve Intro > Flashcards

B7.025 Cranial Nerve Intro Flashcards

1
Q

how are CNs numbered

A

roman numerals in a rostrocaudal direction as they exit the brainstem

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2
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

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3
Q

CN II

A

optic

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4
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

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5
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

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6
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

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7
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

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8
Q

CN VII

A

facial

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9
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

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10
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

CN X

A

vagus

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12
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory

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13
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

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14
Q

mnemonic for CN names

A 
on 
old
Olympus
towering
top
a
French
and 
german
viewed 
some
hops
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15
Q

possible components of cranial nerves

A

sensory (afferent)
motor (efferent)
autonomic (efferent)
less standardized than spinal nerves

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16
Q

just sensory CNs

A

I, II, VIII

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17
Q

just motor CNs

A

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

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18
Q

motor / sensory CNs

A

V, VII, IX, X

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19
Q

pathway description of purely sensory CNs

A
  1. carry information into CNS (afferent)
  2. neuronal cell body is in or near periphery (usually a ganglion)
  3. central axons will synapse on a neuron in the CNS, usually in the brainstem (sensory relay nucleus)
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20
Q

main functions of CN I

A

olfaction

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21
Q

main functions of CN II

A

vision

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22
Q

main functions of CN III

A

eye movements

pupil constriction

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23
Q

main functions of CN IV

A

eye movements

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24
Q

main functions of CN V

A

facial sensation

muscles of mastication

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25
Q

main functions of CN VI

A

eye movements

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26
Q

main functions of CN VII

A

muscles of facial expression
taste (anterior 2/3)
lacrimation
salivation

27
Q

main functions of CN VIII

A

hearing

equilibrium sense

28
Q

main functions of CN IX

A

pharyngeal muscles (nbd)
carotid body reflexes
salivation

29
Q

main functions of CN X

A

parasympathetics to most organs
laryngeal muscles (voice)
pharyngeal muscles (swallowing)
aortic arch reflexes

30
Q

main functions of CN XI

A

head turning (sternomastoid and trapezius)

31
Q

main functions of CN XII

A

tongue movement

32
Q

course of CN I

A

sensory neurons in nasal epithelium

axons synapse in olfactory bulb

33
Q

damage to CN I

A

anosmia (lack of smell)

34
Q

course of CN II

A

sensory neurons in retina (a lot of processing activity takes place here, skips its synapse in the brainstem)
axons synapse in the thalamus

35
Q

damage to CN II

A

visual field deficits

36
Q

course of CN VIII

A

sensory neurons in the vestibular ganglion (balance) or auditory ganglions (hearing)
-hair cells
axons synapse in brainstem (vestibular or cochlear nuclei)

37
Q

damage to CN VIII

A

hearing loss or balance disorder

38
Q

pathway description of purely motor CNs

A
  1. nerves carry information away from the CNS (efferent)
  2. neuronal cell body (motor neuron) is found in a nucleus in the brainstem; they are analogous to motor neurons in the ventral horn
  3. synapse on muscles in the periphery
39
Q

CNs with parasympathetic preganglionic (efferent) axons

A

III - pupillary constriction, lens accommodation
VII - salivation, lacrimation
IX - salivation
X - visceral function, heart rate

40
Q

eye muscles innervated by CN III

A 
levator palpebrae (lid)
superior rectus
medial rectus
constrictor pupillae (para)
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
41
Q

eye muscles innervated by CN IV

A

superior oblique

42
Q

eye muscles innervated by CN VI

A

lateral rectus

43
Q

course of CN III, IV, VI

A

motor neurons are located in brainstem nuclei

parasympathetic neurons are located in brainstem ganglion

44
Q

damage to CN III, IV, VI

A

deficits in eye movement, diplopia
III - eye moves down and out, large pupils
IV - mostly compensated by other muscles, subtle, slight eye roll
VI - medial deviation of eye

45
Q

course of CN XI

A

innervated upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

motor neurons located in the spinal cord (C1-5)

46
Q

damage to CN XI

A

inability to shrug shoulders, turn head

47
Q

course of CN XII

A

innervated the intrinsic tongue muscles

motor neurons located in the hypoglossal nucleus

48
Q

damage to CN XII

A

abnormal tongue protrusion

49
Q

CN V divisions

A

V1 - ophthalmic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandibular

50
Q

sensory component of CN V

A

somatic sensation for the face
cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion
synapse in spinal trigeminal or principal sensory nuclei

51
Q

motor component of CN V

A

innervate muscles of mastication (tensor palati, tensor tympani)
cell bodies in trigeminal motor nucleus

52
Q

damage to CN V

A

facial numbness

difficulty chewing

53
Q

sensory component CN VII

A

taste (anterior 2/3)
a little touch
cell bodies in geniculate ganglion, synapse in solitary nucleus or in spinal trigeminal nucleus

54
Q

motor component of CN VII

A

motor nerves innervate muscles of facial expression, stapedius muscle
cell bodies in facial nucleus

55
Q

parasympathetic component of CN VII

A

innervate salivary, lacrimal, nasal glands

cell bodies in superior salivatory nucleus

56
Q

damage to CN VII

A

facial paralysis
loss of taste
parasympathetic dysfunction

57
Q

sensory component of CN IX

A

touch back of tongue, pharynx, ear
taste back of tongue
visceral heart
cell bodies in ganglia, synapse in spinal nucleus V or solitary nucleus

58
Q

motor component of CN IX

A

innervate stylopharyngeous muscle; cell bodies in nucleus ambiguus

59
Q

parasympathetic component of CN IX

A

innervate parotid gland, cell bodies in inferior salivatory nucleus

60
Q

damage to CN IX

A

loss of taste
mouth sensory loss (gag)
salivary function

61
Q

sensory component of CN X

A

mostly visceral afferents
a few afferents for taste and sensation
cell bodies in vagal ganglia, synapse in solitary nucleus or spinal trigeminal nucleus

62
Q

motor component of CN X

A

most muscles of the larynx, pharynx, palate

cell bodies in the nucleus ambiguus

63
Q

parasympathetic component of CN X

A

innervate viscera in thorax and abdomen, cell bodies in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

64
Q

damage to CN X

A

diminished gag (motor)
hoarseness
difficulty swallowing

BMB Test 2 (22 decks)

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