B7 - Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
non communicable diseases
diseases that cannot be directly transmitted between people - many are chronic
benign tumour
growth of abnormal cells that may be contained in one area, usually within a membrane and do not invade other tissue
carcinogens
agents that cause cancer or significantly increase the risk of developing cancer
cancer
common name for a malignant tumour - formed as a result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division
ionising radiation
has enough energy to cause ionisation in materials it passes through - which can make them biologically active and may result in mutation and cancer
malignant tumour
invade neighbouring tissue and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours - cancers
tumour
mass of abnormal cell growth as a result of the cells not responding to the normal mechanisms that control growth
examples of non communicable diseases
- diabetes
- lung cancer
- coronary heart disease
- stroke
how does cancer develop?
- DNA mutations causes genes to work incorrectly
- mutations caused by: UV light, ionising radiation, chemical carcinogens
- can cause cells to divide too quickly
- tumor forms - tumor contained in a membrane=benign, tumor not contained in a membrane=malignant
treatments of cancer
- radiotherapy
- surgery
- chemotherapy
radiotherapy as a cancer treatment
used to shrink a tumour
can burn healthy tissue as well
surgery as a cancer treatment
removes the tumour
risk of infection
chemotherapy as a cancer treatment
poisons and kills the dangerous cells
some healthy cells are poisoned - side effects like nausea and hair loss
chemical substances in tobacco smoke
- tar
- methane
- nicotine
- carbon monoxide
- ammonia
- hexamine
how do you become obese
if you eat too much - energy is stored as fat
