B7 - Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
non communicable diseases
diseases that cannot be directly transmitted between people - many are chronic
benign tumour
growth of abnormal cells that may be contained in one area, usually within a membrane and do not invade other tissue
carcinogens
agents that cause cancer or significantly increase the risk of developing cancer
cancer
common name for a malignant tumour - formed as a result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division
ionising radiation
has enough energy to cause ionisation in materials it passes through - which can make them biologically active and may result in mutation and cancer
malignant tumour
invade neighbouring tissue and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours - cancers
tumour
mass of abnormal cell growth as a result of the cells not responding to the normal mechanisms that control growth
examples of non communicable diseases
- diabetes
- lung cancer
- coronary heart disease
- stroke
how does cancer develop?
- DNA mutations causes genes to work incorrectly
- mutations caused by: UV light, ionising radiation, chemical carcinogens
- can cause cells to divide too quickly
- tumor forms - tumor contained in a membrane=benign, tumor not contained in a membrane=malignant
treatments of cancer
- radiotherapy
- surgery
- chemotherapy
radiotherapy as a cancer treatment
used to shrink a tumour
can burn healthy tissue as well
surgery as a cancer treatment
removes the tumour
risk of infection
chemotherapy as a cancer treatment
poisons and kills the dangerous cells
some healthy cells are poisoned - side effects like nausea and hair loss
chemical substances in tobacco smoke
- tar
- methane
- nicotine
- carbon monoxide
- ammonia
- hexamine
how do you become obese
if you eat too much - energy is stored as fat
effect of smoking cigarettes on the body
can cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, diabetes
increases risk of tuberculosis, eye disease, issues with immune system
health problems that come with smoking cigarettes
- bad dental health
- addictive
how to prevent illnesses caused by smoking
- quit
- nicotine patches
- vapes
- nicotine pods
- prescription medicines
- nicotine gum
effect of lack of exercise on the body
- type two diabetes
- obesity
health problems that come with lack of exercise
- heart disease
- high blood pressure
- high blood cholesterol
- at risk to certain cancers
how to prevent illnesses caused by lack of exercise
- starting with small amounts of exercise and building up
effect of narcotic drug use on the body
- drowsiness
- constipation
- nausea
- vomiting
- slowed breathing
health problems that come with narcotic drug use
- addicted
- overdose
how to prevent illness due to narcotic drug use
- difficult to give up because of built dependence
- rehab centres
- anonymous help meetings
effects of mobile phone use on the body
- tiredness
- lack of sleep
health problems that come with excessive mobile phone use
- poor growth
- poor alertness - due to lack of sleep
how to prevent illness from mobile phone use
- set a screen limit
short term effects of drinking alcohol
- relaxed and less inhabited
- has a depressant effect - incoordination and impaired speech
- slows down reaction time
- can lead to dehydration
- vomiting, unconsciousness and shortness of breath
long term effects of drinking alcohol
- damages liver cells - they produce fibrous scar tissue blocking liver function - cirrhosis
- higher risk of throat and mouth cancer
- can cause damage to brain, kidney, immune system
- mentality changes, aggression, depression, anxiety, psychosis
- fertility problems
sources of harmful ionising radiation
- dental x-rays
- damaged nuclear power plants
- sunbeds
- brazil nuts
