B7 - Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Non-communicable
Diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours
Risk factor
Something that increases your chance of getting a disease
Incidence
The number of people diagnosed with a particular disease in a particular population of people at a particular time
Prevalence
The number of people who have a particular condition, regardless of whether they were just diagnosed, or even whether they’ve been diagnosed at all
Mortality
The number of deaths per unit of population from a specific disease
Cancer
When cells divide and grow controllably
Causes of cancer
Smoking = lung cancer
Over-radiation = skin cancer
Stress
Alcohol
Drugs
Diet
Malignant tumors
Grows quickly, invades neighbouring tissue
Spreads to other parts of the body via the bloodstream
Cancer cells detach forming secondary tumors in others parts of the body
Benign tumors
Grows slowly, within a membrane
Easily be removed
Dangerous if put pressure on
Tar
A chemical substance made when tobacco is burned
Makes it hard to take in O2
Damages cilia cells
Carbon monoxide
A poisonous gas that is released when smoking
Binds to red blood cells so they cannot carry O2
Nicotine
A highly addictive substance in cigarettes
Causes high blood pressure which leads to heart disease
Obesity
When you take in more energy than needed so the excess is stored as fat
Diseases caused by poor diet + exercise
Type II diabetes
Arthritis
High blood pressure
Heart disease - - strokes
Alcohol
Depressant drugs that slows down the brain and the nervous system `
