B3 - Organisation And The Digestive System

Question 1

Muscular tissue

Answer 1

A tissue which can contract to bring movement

Question 2

Glandular tissue

Answer 2

A tissue which can produce substances such as enzymes and hormones

Question 3

Epithelial tissue

Answer 3

A tissue which covers part of the body

Question 4

Cells

Answer 4

The building blocks of a living organism

E.g. root hair cell and red blood cell

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

A group of cells with a similar structure + function

E.g. dermal tissue and muscular tissue

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

Groups of tissues working together

E.g. leaves and the heart

Question 7

Organ system

Answer 7

Groups of organs working together

E.g. the shoot organ system and the digestive system

Question 8

Organism

Answer 8

Several organ systems

E.g. flowers and humans

Question 9

Digestive system

Answer 9

Breaks down food into tiny particles which are absorbed into the blood

Question 10

Mouth

Answer 10

Teeth break down the food and mix it with the enzymes in saliva

Question 11

Oesophagus

Answer 11

This is a thin tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 12

Liver

Answer 12

Produces bile which `breaks down lipids in the food

Question 13

Stomach

Answer 13

This is a muscular bag which mixes food and drink with acid.

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

This releases enzymes into the intestines which break down carbohydrates, protein and lipids in food

Question 15

Small intestine

Answer 15

The nutrients produced are then absorbed into the blood

Question 16

Large intestine

Answer 16

Food which cannot be broken down - mainly fibre - passes into the large intestine and water is absorbed into the blood

Question 17

Rectum

Answer 17

Any undigested food passes into the rectum where it is stored as faeces

Question 18

Anus

Answer 18

This is the opening at the very end of the digestive system through which faeces leaves the body

Question 19

Carbohydrates

Answer 19

Provide us energy

They are broken down into glucose

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

They are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

Proteins

Answer 21

Proteins are required to build cells, tissues and enzymes

They are broken down into amino acids

Question 22

Test for carbohydrates

Answer 22

Orange iodine turns black or blue when it reacts with starch (carbohydrates)

Question 23

Test for glucose

Answer 23

Blue benedict’s solution turns orangey-red when it is BOILED with sugar (glucose)

Question 24

Test for protein

Answer 24

Blue biuret solution turns purple when it reacts with protein

Question 25

Test for fats

Answer 25

Grind food with ethanol, filter the solution and add water

Positive = clear to cloudy

Question 26

Amylase

Answer 26

Produced by -
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

Digests -
Starch into simple sugars (maltose)

Question 27

Protease

Answer 27

Produced by -
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Digests -
Proteins into amino acids

Question 28

Lipase

Answer 28

Produced by -
Pancreas, small intestine

Digests -
Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 29

Bile

Answer 29

Produced in the liver

Emulsifies fats into smaller droplets for absorption and increasing surface area for the enzyme to digest

Neutralises the pH of HCl in the stomach so enzymes can work at optimum temperatures

Question 30

Enzymes

Answer 30

Are a protein

Act as a biological catalyst

Question 31

Factors affecting enzymes

Answer 31

Temperature

pH

Pressure

Surface area