B1 - Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

How much bigger a sample appears to be than in real life

Question 2

Magnification formula

Answer 2

Image / actual

Question 3

Resolution

Answer 3

Ability to distinguish between two points on an image

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

They have no nucleus (have free DNA)
Smaller than eukaryotic cells = faster reproduction
They are simpler as they have no organelles (only ribosomes)

E.g. bacteria

Question 5

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

Have a nucleus
Larger than prokaryotic cells = slower reproduction
They are more complex as they have organelles

E.g. plant cell and animal cell

Question 6

Commonalties between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

Both have DNA
They both have ribosomes, cell membrane and cytoplasm

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

This contains the genetic material (DNA) of the organism and controls the cell’s activities

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

The liquid that makes up most of the cell in which chemical reactions happen

Question 9

Cell membrane

Answer 9

Controls which substances can pass into and out from it

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Energy is released from glucose from food. The mitochondria are where most respiration happens.

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

Contains cellulose to provide strength and support to the plant

Question 12

Vacuole

Answer 12

A space inside the cytoplasm that contains a watery liquid called cell sap; it keeps the cell firm

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Contain a green pigment called chlorophyll in which
photosynthesis occurs

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Responsible for protein synthesis (making proteins)

Question 15

Adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 15

Many mitochondria to provide energy

Flagellum and streamlined head to swim

Acrosome contains digestive enzymes

Question 16

Adaptations of a red blood cell

Answer 16

Concave shape increases surface area for absorbing O2

Has haemoglobin (red pigment that absorbs the O2)

No nucleus so more room for haemoglobin

Question 17

Adaptations of a palisade cells

Answer 17

Packed with chloroplast for photosynthesis

Tall shape = higher surface area = more absorption of CO2

Question 18

Adaptations of a root hair cell

Answer 18

Large surface area to increase rate of absorption

Thin cell wall to allow minerals

Question 19

Adaptations of a nerve cell

Answer 19

They have an long axon so they can carry messages up and down the body over long distances

The axon is insulated by a fatty myelin sheath - the fatty sheath increases the speed of the nerve impulses along the neuron

Dendrites receive incoming nerve impulses from other neurons

Question 20

Diffusion

Answer 20

The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 22

Active transport

Answer 22

The movement of dissolved molecules from an area of low concentration to high concentration (against the gradient), requiring energy as a result