B7 non communicable diseases

Question 1

what is health

Answer 1

a state of physical and mental wellbeing

Question 2

what happens in coronary heart disease

Answer 2

layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them. This reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle

Question 3

what are stents used for

Answer 3

to keep coronary arteries open

Question 4

what are statins used for

Answer 4

to reduce blood cholesterol levels which
slows down the rate of fatty material deposit

Question 5

what are statins

Answer 5

a drug to lower cholesterol in the blood by lowering production in the liver

Question 6

what are the disadvantages of using statins

Answer 6

they need to be taken long term
they are not suitable for everyone must not be prescribed if you have liver disease, are pregnant or breastfeeding
side effects

Question 7

what are the disadvantages of stents

Answer 7

risk of
bleeding
heart attack
stroke

Question 8

how can faulty valves be treated

Answer 8

replaced using biological or mechanical valves

Question 9

what are artificial hearts used for

Answer 9

keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant
or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery

Question 10

what factors can lead to ill health

Answer 10

diet, stress and life situations may have a profound effect
on both physical and mental health

Question 11

how may different types of diseases interact

Answer 11

• Defects in the immune system mean that an individual is more
  likely to suffer from infectious diseases.
• Viruses living in cells can be the trigger for cancers.
• Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can trigger
  allergies such as skin rashes and asthma.
• Severe physical ill health can lead to depression and other
  mental illness.

Question 12

what risk factors can lead to an increased rate of disease

Answer 12

They can be:
* aspects of a person’s lifestyle
* substances in the person’s body or environment.

Question 13

what is cancer

Answer 13

the result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division

Question 14

what are benign tumors

Answer 14

growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane. They do not invade other parts of the body

Question 15

what are malignant tumors

Answer 15

They invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours