B5 communicable diseases

Question 1

what is a pathogen

Answer 1

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease

Question 2

how can pathogens be spread

Answer 2

direct contact
water
air

Question 3

what 4 things are considered pathogens

Answer 3

fungi
protist
virus
bacteria

Question 4

how do viruses cause harm

Answer 4

Viruses live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage

Question 5

how do bacteria cause harm

Answer 5

Bacteria may produce poisons (toxins) that damage tissues

Question 6

what are the symptoms of measles

Answer 6

fever
red skin rash

Question 7

what type of disease is measles

Answer 7

viral

Question 8

how is measles spread

Answer 8

inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs

Question 9

is measles fatal

Answer 9

measles is not fatal but can be if fatal if complications arise

Question 10

how is HIV spread

Answer 10

sexual contact
exchange of body fluids

Question 11

what symptoms does HIV have

Answer 11

flu like symtoms

Question 12

how to treat HIV

Answer 12

antiretroviral drugs

Question 13

what happens when HIV is left untreated

Answer 13

the virus attacks the body’s immune cells.
Late stage HIV infection, or AIDS, occurs when the body’s immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers

Question 14

how are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 14

distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves which
affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis

Question 15

how is salmonella spread

Answer 15

bacteria ingested in food
food prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 16

what are the symptoms of salmonella

Answer 16

Fever,
abdominal cramps
vomiting and diarrhoea
are caused by the bacteria and the toxins they secrete.

Question 17

how do we prevent salmonella

Answer 17

vaccinate poultry

Question 18

what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 18

thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis
pain on urinating

Question 19

how to prevent gonorrhoea

Answer 19

barrier method e.g condom

Question 20

how do we treat gonorrhoea

Answer 20

is used to be treated with penicillin but now many resistant strains have appeared

Question 21

what are the symptoms of rose black spot

Answer 21

purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early

Question 22

how does rose black spot affect the plant

Answer 22

It affects
the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced

Question 23

how is rose black spot spread

Answer 23

spores are carried from plant to plant by water or wind

Question 24

how can rose black spot be treated

Answer 24

using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected
leaves

Question 25

what are protists

Answer 25

single-celled organisms

Question 26

what are the symptoms of malaria

Answer 26

severe fever which reoccurs and can be fatal

Question 27

how is malaria spread

Answer 27

passed on from person to person as they are bitten by the mosquito

Question 28

how to prevent malaria from spreading

Answer 28

preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.

Question 29

how does the skin protect the body

Answer 29

acts as a barrier and if this barrier is broken by a cut the your body will restore it as platelets will clot the blood and a scab forms a seal over this skin produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria

Question 30

how does the nose protect the body

Answer 30

hairs and mucus trap particles which may contain pathogens

Question 31

how do the trachea and bronchi protect the body

Answer 31

mucus traps particles and bacteria cilia sweep the mucus along

Question 32

how does the stomach protect the body

Answer 32

glands in the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid which kills the bacteria in food

Question 33

how do white blood cells defend the body

Answer 33

Phagocytes engulf the pathogens produce antitoxins release them as harmless cells bind the pathogens together lymphocytes produce antibodies antibodies destroy the pathogen