B5 communicable diseases Flashcards
what is a pathogen
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease
how can pathogens be spread
direct contact
water
air
what 4 things are considered pathogens
fungi
protist
virus
bacteria
how do viruses cause harm
Viruses live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage
how do bacteria cause harm
Bacteria may produce poisons (toxins) that damage tissues
what are the symptoms of measles
fever
red skin rash
what type of disease is measles
viral
how is measles spread
inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs
is measles fatal
measles is not fatal but can be if fatal if complications arise
how is HIV spread
sexual contact
exchange of body fluids
what symptoms does HIV have
flu like symtoms
how to treat HIV
antiretroviral drugs
what happens when HIV is left untreated
the virus attacks the body’s immune cells.
Late stage HIV infection, or AIDS, occurs when the body’s immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers
how are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus
distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves which
affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis
how is salmonella spread
bacteria ingested in food
food prepared in unhygienic conditions
what are the symptoms of salmonella
Fever,
abdominal cramps
vomiting and diarrhoea
are caused by the bacteria and the toxins they secrete.
how do we prevent salmonella
vaccinate poultry
what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea
thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis
pain on urinating
how to prevent gonorrhoea
barrier method e.g condom
how do we treat gonorrhoea
is used to be treated with penicillin but now many resistant strains have appeared
what are the symptoms of rose black spot
purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early
how does rose black spot affect the plant
It affects
the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced
how is rose black spot spread
spores are carried from plant to plant by water or wind
how can rose black spot be treated
using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected
leaves
what are protists
single-celled organisms
what are the symptoms of malaria
severe fever which reoccurs and can be fatal
how is malaria spread
passed on from person to person as they are bitten by the mosquito
how to prevent malaria from spreading
preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding
mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.
how does the skin protect the body
acts as a barrier and if this barrier is broken by a cut the your body will restore it as platelets will clot the blood and a scab forms a seal over this
skin produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria
how does the nose protect the body
hairs and mucus trap particles which may contain pathogens
how do the trachea and bronchi protect the body
mucus traps particles and bacteria
cilia sweep the mucus along
how does the stomach protect the body
glands in the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid which kills the bacteria in food
how do white blood cells defend the body
Phagocytes engulf the pathogens
produce antitoxins
release them as harmless cells bind the pathogens together
lymphocytes produce antibodies
antibodies destroy the pathogen
