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GCSE AQA biology combined > B4 organising animals and plants > Flashcards

B4 organising animals and plants Flashcards

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1
Q

how does the heart pump blood around the body

A

a double circulatory system

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2
Q

what are the 4 chambers in the heart

A

right and left atrium
right and left ventricle

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3
Q

what are the function of the left and right atria

A

they receive blood from veins

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4
Q

what are the function of the left and right ventricles

A

pump blood out and into the arteries

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5
Q

what is the function of the right ventricle

A

The right ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs where gas exchange takes place.

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6
Q

what is the function of the left ventricle

A

The left ventricle pumps
blood around the rest of the body

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7
Q

how are alveoli adapted to be very efficient at exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

the have a large moist surface area
they have a rich blood supply
they are very close to the capillaries so the distance for gas to diffuse is very small

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8
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary artery

A

heart send blood back to the lungs

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9
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary vein

A

blood is taken back to the heart

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10
Q

what is the function of the aorta

A

carries oxygenated blood away from heart and into the rest of the body

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11
Q

what is the role of the vena cava

A

to transport deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart for oxygenation

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12
Q

what is gaseous exchange

A

air obtained by breathing reaches the lungs through the trachea and this splits into 2 tubes called the bronchi then the bronchi divide to form bronchioles which are divided like branches at the end of the bronchioles there are alveoli (tiny air sacs) this is where gas exchange takes place

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13
Q

where is the pacemaker found

A

the right atrium

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14
Q

what is a pace maker

A

The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of cells
located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker

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15
Q

what is an artificial pace maker

A

an electrical device which corrects irregularities in the heart

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16
Q

name the 3 different types of blood vessel

A

artery veins and capillaries

17
Q

describe the artery

A

take blood from heart to organs
thick walls made of muscle due to heavy blood flow

18
Q

describe the vein

A

take blood from organs to your heart
thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow

19
Q

describe the capillaries

A

allow substances needed by cells to pass out of the blood
allow substances produced by cells to pass into blood
narrow thin walled blood vessels

20
Q

describe the blood

A

Blood is a tissue consisting of plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended.

21
Q

what is plasma

A

plasma transports various chemical substances around the body such as the products of digestion, hormones and antibodies, urea and carbon dioxide

22
Q

what are red blood cells

A

contain haemoglobin which binds oxygen to transport it from the lungs to the tissues and the cells which need it for respiration

23
Q

what are the properties of red blood cells

A

do not contain a nucleus so there is more room for hemoglobin
very small to fit through capillaries
shaped like biconcave discs which give a large surface area si oxygen can diffuse quickly across them

24
Q

what are the functions of white blood cells

A

help protect body against infection
they can change shape so they can squeeze out of the blood vessels into tissue or surround and engulf microorganisms

25
Q

what are platelets

A

they are fragments of cells which collect at wounds and trigger blood clotting

26
Q

what is the function of the epidermis

A

covers the outer surfaces of the plant for protection

27
Q

what is the function of the palisade mesophyll

A

the main site of photosynthesis in the leaf

28
Q

what is the function of the spongy mesophyll

A

air spaces between the cells allow gases to diffuse in the leaf

29
Q

what is the function of the xylem vessels

A

transports water and minerals through the plant from roots to leaves also supports the plant

30
Q

what is the function of the phloem vessels

A

transports dissolved food materials through the plant

31
Q

where is meristem tissue found

A

found mainly in the tips of the roots and shoots where it can be produce new cells for growth

32
Q

what is translocation

A

the movement of food through phloem tissue where the phloem tissue transports dissolves sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plants

33
Q

what are the stomata

A

tiny holes found in the underside of leaves. They control water loss and gas exchange by opening and closing. They allow water vapour and oxygen out of the leaf and carbon dioxide into the leaf.

34
Q

what is transpiration

A

the movement of water through the xylem tissue from the roots of the plant to the leaves where the stomata open and the water is evaporated

35
Q

how does temperature affect transpiration

A

an increase in temperature will increase the rate of transpiration as more energy is transferred to the water allowing it to evaporate

36
Q

how does air flow affect transpiration

A

faster air flow will increase the rate as it will blow away water vapour allowing more to evaporate

37
Q

how does light intensity affect transpiration

A

increase the rate as the stomata will open and more photosynthesis takes place

38
Q

how does humidity affect transpiration

A

an increase in humidity will decrease the rate because the air contains more water vapour so the concentration gradient for diffusion is lower

39
Q

what is gas exchange

A

the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs and out of the body

GCSE AQA biology combined (15 decks)

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