B4 organising animals and plants

Question 1

how does the heart pump blood around the body

Answer 1

a double circulatory system

Question 2

what are the 4 chambers in the heart

Answer 2

right and left atrium
right and left ventricle

Question 3

what are the function of the left and right atria

Answer 3

they receive blood from veins

Question 4

what are the function of the left and right ventricles

Answer 4

pump blood out and into the arteries

Question 5

what is the function of the right ventricle

Answer 5

The right ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs where gas exchange takes place.

Question 6

what is the function of the left ventricle

Answer 6

The left ventricle pumps
blood around the rest of the body

Question 7

how are alveoli adapted to be very efficient at exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 7

the have a large moist surface area
they have a rich blood supply
they are very close to the capillaries so the distance for gas to diffuse is very small

Question 8

what is the function of the pulmonary artery

Answer 8

heart send blood back to the lungs

Question 9

what is the function of the pulmonary vein

Answer 9

blood is taken back to the heart

Question 10

what is the function of the aorta

Answer 10

carries oxygenated blood away from heart and into the rest of the body

Question 11

what is the role of the vena cava

Answer 11

to transport deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart for oxygenation

Question 12

what is gaseous exchange

Answer 12

air obtained by breathing reaches the lungs through the trachea and this splits into 2 tubes called the bronchi then the bronchi divide to form bronchioles which are divided like branches at the end of the bronchioles there are alveoli (tiny air sacs) this is where gas exchange takes place

Question 13

where is the pacemaker found

Answer 13

the right atrium

Question 14

what is a pace maker

Answer 14

The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of cells
located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker

Question 15

what is an artificial pace maker

Answer 15

an electrical device which corrects irregularities in the heart

Question 16

name the 3 different types of blood vessel

Answer 16

artery veins and capillaries

Question 17

describe the artery

Answer 17

take blood from heart to organs
thick walls made of muscle due to heavy blood flow

Question 18

describe the vein

Answer 18

take blood from organs to your heart
thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow

Question 19

describe the capillaries

Answer 19

allow substances needed by cells to pass out of the blood
allow substances produced by cells to pass into blood
narrow thin walled blood vessels

Question 20

describe the blood

Answer 20

Blood is a tissue consisting of plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended.

Question 21

what is plasma

Answer 21

plasma transports various chemical substances around the body such as the products of digestion, hormones and antibodies, urea and carbon dioxide

Question 22

what are red blood cells

Answer 22

contain haemoglobin which binds oxygen to transport it from the lungs to the tissues and the cells which need it for respiration

Question 23

what are the properties of red blood cells

Answer 23

do not contain a nucleus so there is more room for hemoglobin
very small to fit through capillaries
shaped like biconcave discs which give a large surface area si oxygen can diffuse quickly across them

Question 24

what are the functions of white blood cells

Answer 24

help protect body against infection
they can change shape so they can squeeze out of the blood vessels into tissue or surround and engulf microorganisms

Question 25

what are platelets

Answer 25

they are fragments of cells which collect at wounds and trigger blood clotting

Question 26

what is the function of the epidermis

Answer 26

covers the outer surfaces of the plant for protection

Question 27

what is the function of the palisade mesophyll

Answer 27

the main site of photosynthesis in the leaf

Question 28

what is the function of the spongy mesophyll

Answer 28

air spaces between the cells allow gases to diffuse in the leaf

Question 29

what is the function of the xylem vessels

Answer 29

transports water and minerals through the plant from roots to leaves also supports the plant

Question 30

what is the function of the phloem vessels

Answer 30

transports dissolved food materials through the plant

Question 31

where is meristem tissue found

Answer 31

found mainly in the tips of the roots and shoots where it can be produce new cells for growth

Question 32

what is translocation

Answer 32

the movement of food through phloem tissue where the phloem tissue transports dissolves sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plants

Question 33

what are the stomata

Answer 33

tiny holes found in the underside of leaves. They control water loss and gas exchange by opening and closing. They allow water vapour and oxygen out of the leaf and carbon dioxide into the leaf.

Question 34

what is transpiration

Answer 34

the movement of water through the xylem tissue from the roots of the plant to the leaves where the stomata open and the water is evaporated

Question 35

how does temperature affect transpiration

Answer 35

an increase in temperature will increase the rate of transpiration as more energy is transferred to the water allowing it to evaporate

Question 36

how does air flow affect transpiration

Answer 36

faster air flow will increase the rate as it will blow away water vapour allowing more to evaporate

Question 37

how does light intensity affect transpiration

Answer 37

increase the rate as the stomata will open and more photosynthesis takes place

Question 38

how does humidity affect transpiration

Answer 38

an increase in humidity will decrease the rate because the air contains more water vapour so the concentration gradient for diffusion is lower

Question 39

what is gas exchange

Answer 39

the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs and out of the body