B7- Human Nutrition

Question 1

Balanced diet definition

Answer 1

A balanced diet contains:
- all the 7 nutrients we need
- in all the correct amounts
- in order to carry out all the life processes

Question 2

What are some of the dietary sources of carbohydrates (7)

Answer 2

sugar
honey
bread
rice
potato
pasta
bananas

Question 3

What are some of the dietary sources of proteins (7)

Answer 3

meat
fish
beans
eggs
nuts
lentils
cheese

Question 4

What are some of the dietary sources of lipids (8)

Answer 4

vegetable oil
butter
margarine
cream
red meat
cheese
egg yolks
chocolate

Question 5

What are some of the dietary sources of vitamin C (5)

Answer 5

citrus fruits **
orange
kiwi
strawberry
tomato

Question 6

What are some of the dietary sources of vitamin D (7)

Answer 6

eggs
oily fish **
dairy
mushrooms **
beef liver
pork
Non-dietary source is sun **

Question 7

What are some of the dietary sources of the mineral calcium (6)

Answer 7

dairy **
almonds
leafy green vegetables
sardines
tofu
fortified foods

Question 8

What are some of the dietary sources of the mineral iron (7)

Answer 8

fruits
red meat **
leafy greens **
pumpkin seeds
dark chocolate
whole grains
tofu

Question 9

What are some of the dietary sources of (roughage) fibre (4)

Answer 9

anything wholemeal
bread
fruits
vegetables

Question 10

What are some of the dietary sources of water (7)

Answer 10

water **
tea
coffee
juice
milk
fruits
vegetables

Question 11

What is the importance of carbohydrates

Answer 11

• easily available energy released during respiration- excess is stored as glycogen in liver and muscles, if this is not used, this is converted to fat

Question 12

What is the importance of proteins (4)

Answer 12

growth
tissue repair
making enzymes
emergency energy

Question 13

What is the importance of lipids (6)

Answer 13

insulation
cell membrane structure
organ protection
sex hormone production
long term energy storage
obesity in excess

Question 14

What is the importance of vitamin C

Answer 14

needed for growth and repair of tissue in all parts of your body and for the immune system

Question 15

What is the importance of vitamin D

Answer 15

needed for calcium absorption which is needed for bone formation and strength

Question 16

What is the importance of the mineral calcium

Answer 16

needed for strong bones and teeth

Question 17

What is the importance of the mineral iron

Answer 17

needed to make Hämoglobin carried by the red blood cells (oxygen transporters)

Question 18

What is the importance of fibre (roughage)

Answer 18

aids the movement of food through the gut

Question 19

What is the importance of water (4)

Answer 19

-needed as a transporter of dissolved substances eg glucose, amino acids, ions in blood, plasma, minerals
-excretion of toxic waste products such as urea in urine
-digestion (needed by enzymes), absorption of digested products into blood
-all metabolic reaction = chemical reactions in living organisms

Question 20

What is the cause of scurvy and what are some of the symptoms

Answer 20

Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C

Symptoms:
- bleeding gums
- poor wound healing
- painful joints

Question 21

What is the cause of rickets and how does it effect a person

Answer 21

Rickets is caused by lack of calcium - bones don’t form properly

Question 22

What does a deficiency of carbohydrates cause

Answer 22

lack of energy
fatigue
weakness
more prone to illness

Question 23

What does a deficiency of proteins cause

Answer 23

kwashiorkor: swollen abdomen, muscle wastage (especially in limbs), stunted growth

Question 24

What does a deficiency of lipids cause

Answer 24

weight loss
anorexia
fat soluble vitamins (A and D) deficiency

Question 25

What does a deficiency of vitamin D cause

Answer 25

bone deformation
bone pain
brittle bones
dental problems

Question 26

What does a deficiency of the mineral iron cause

Answer 26

anaemia - tiredness and shortness of breath

Question 27

What does a deficiency of fibre (roughage) cause

Answer 27

constipation

Question 28

What does a deficiency of water cause

Answer 28

Dehydration, which then leads to death often within a few days