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SEP Biology Weydon > B7 - Ecology (P2) > Flashcards

B7 - Ecology (P2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a habitat

A

The environment in which an organism lives

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2
Q

What is a population

A

The total number of organisms of same species living in the same geographical area

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3
Q

What is a community

A

The populations of all the different species that live in the same habitat

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4
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

How the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment interact

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5
Q

What do plants compete for

A

Light
space
Water
mineral ions

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6
Q

What do animals compete for

A

Food
water
mating partners
territory

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7
Q

What is interdependance

A

All the different species in a community depend on one another

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8
Q

What is a stable community

A

when the populations of the different species in a community remain fairly constant

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9
Q

What are biotic factors

A

The living parts of an environment

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10
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

The non- living parts of an environment

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11
Q

Give examples of biotic factors

A

Availability of food
The arrival of a new predator
Competition between species
New pathogens

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12
Q

Give examples of abiotic factors

A

Light intensity
Temperature
Water
pH and mineral content of soil

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13
Q

What are camels adapted to

A

The hot and dry conditions in a desert

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14
Q

How are camels adapted to the desert

A
  • The hump stores fat
  • Can perform metabolic reactions that turn fat into water
  • A thick fur coat insulates the top of the camel form the heat which reduces water loss through sweating
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15
Q

What are behavioral adaptations

A

Adaptations to the animals lifestyle or behaviour

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16
Q

What are structural adaptations

A

Adaptations of body shape and structure

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17
Q

What are functional adaptations

A

Adaptations to the body functions of an organism

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18
Q

What is an adaptation

A

An inherited feature that enhances survival in the environment

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19
Q

What are cactuses adapted to

A

Living in dry conditions

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20
Q

How are cactuses adapted to dry conditions

A
  • They have small leaves to reduce water loss
  • They contain extensive and shallow roots to allow cacti to catch as much water as possible after rainfall
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21
Q

What are extremophiles

A

Organisms that are adapted to live in very extreme conditons

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22
Q

What conditions can extremophiles survive in

A

They can endure high pressure, high temperature and high concentrations of salt

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23
Q

What does a food chain start with

A

A producer

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24
Q

What is the role of the producer

A

Synthesise complex molecules

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25
What are the producers the source of
All biomass in a community
26
Organisms that consume the producer are what
Primary consumer
27
Draw a food chain for grass, fox and rabbit
grass ----> Rabbit ----> Fox
28
What trophic level is the producer
Trophic level 1
29
What trophic level is the tertiary consumer
Trophic level 4
30
Going through a food chain does the number of species increase or decrease
Decrease
31
What percent of energy is passed on through a food chain
10%
32
What are the trends of a predator-prey cycle
The populations rise and fall in cycles
33
What is sampling
A method used to determine the number of organisms in an area
34
What are the two methods of sampling
Random sampling Sampling along a transect
35
What is random sampling
Sampling using a quadrat to compare the number of organisms in different areas
36
How do you perform random sampling
Place a quadrat on the ground and count the number of organisms inside the quadrat and calculate the total population size
37
What organisms is random sampling used to calculate
Sampling plants or slow-moving animals
38
How do you calculate total population size
(total area/ area sampled) x number of organisms of the species in sample
39
What is a transect
A line e.g. tape measure or rope
40
What is sampling along a transect used to investigate
if the number of species changes as we move across a habitat
41
How do you perform sampling along a transect
Place a transect so it runs across the habitat, then use a quadrat to count the number of organisms at intervals on the quadrat
42
What are the conditions needed for decomposition
High temperature Moist conditions Good supply of oxygen
43
What can happen if the abiotic factors change
The distribution of species may change
44
What is biodiversity
The variety of all different organisms on Earth
45
Why is biodiversity important
Because species depend on one another for food and shelter
46
What happens if there is more biodiversity in an ecosystem
The environment becomes more stable
47
What is the effect of a stable ecosystem
There is less dependency on one species
48
How are humans reducing biodiversity in tropical forests
large areas are being destroyed (deforestation) to provide land for agriculture, housing etc
49
Why are humans using more resources than ever
Better standards of living and increased populations
50
What does sewage contain
Urine and faeces
51
What does sewage contribute to
Water pollution
52
What happens to sewage before it is released
It is treated
53
What are rivers and streams polluted with
fertilizers
54
What is the effect of fertilizers in streams
Reduce dissolved oxygen levels which kills aquatic organsims
55
Where does the carbon cycle start
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
56
How does carbon enter plants
Through photosyntheis
57
How does carbon dioxide return to the atmosphere from animals and plants
Aerobic respiration
58
What happens to the carbon in waste of dead animals
It forms fossil fuels or decomposes through fungi or bacteria
59
How is the carbon in fossil fuels returned to the atmosphere
Combustion
60
Why are decomposers important
- They cycle materials through an ecosystem - They release mineral ions into the soil
61
What happens to dead animals if decomposers don't function properly
The carbon is converted to fossil fuels
62
What happens to the water in clouds
It is released as precipitation ( rain, snow, sleet, hail)
63
What happens to the precipitation
The runoff is absorbed by the roots
64
What happens to the water in the roots
Evaporated and then condensed to form clouds
65
What is the importance of the water cycle
Plants need water for photosynthesis and growth Animals rely on water and plant matter for food
66
What is the main contributor to air pollution
Combustion of fossil fuels
67
What does the combustion of fossil fuels release
Greenhouse gases
68
What is the main contributor to land pollution
Landfills
69
What is the effect of landfills on biodiversity
Destroys habitats which reduces biodiversity
70
What is the effect of landfills on biodiversity
Destroys habitats which reduces biodiversity
71
What is land used for
Infrastructure, agriculture, landfill, peat production, deforestation
72
What do peat bogs contain
Large amounts of dead plant materials
73
What causes peat bogs to have a lot of trapped carbon
The conditions for peat make decay very slow
74
What is peat used for
To produce cheap compost for gardens and farms
75
What is the effect of destroying peat bogs
- Reduces the variety of organisms so reduces biodiversity - Large amounts of the trapped carbon is released into the atmosphere
76
What are the consequences of global warming
- Loss of habitats - Change in the distribution of animals - Changes in migration patterns - Plants flower earlier

SEP Biology Weydon (11 decks)

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