B6 Noncommunicable disease Flashcards
What is a tumour
A mass of cells that grow in an abnormal way when control of the cell cycle is lost
What is a benign tumour
Self-contained
Localised
Well-defined perimeter
How do benign tumours grow
Slow-growing
Expand from a central mass
What are the dangers of benign tumours
Compression of surrounding tissue
What is a malignant tumour
Not self-contained
Not localised
No well-defined perimeter
How do malignant tumours grow
Capable of slow and rapid growth
What is metastasis
The shedding of cells by malignant tumours that infect tissues in other locations
What are the risks for lung cancer
Smoking
Air pollution
Radon
Genetics
How to prevent lung cancer
Avoid smoking
Maintain a healthy diet
Regular exercise
What are the risks for skin cancer
UV exposure
Sunbeds
Age
Fair skin
How to prevent skin cancer
SPF use
Avoid tanning/sunburn
Avoid sunbeds
Cover skin
What are the risks for cervical cancer
HPV Smoking STI Obesity Oral contraceptives Multiple pregnancies Genetics
How to prevent skin cancer
HPV vaccination
Smear testing
Condom use
Avoid smoking
What are the risks for breast cancer
Age
Sex
Genetics
Ethnicity
How to prevent breast cancer
Mammogram
Breastfeeding
Regular exercise
Healthy diet
What are the risks of testicular cancer
Race Height (tall men) Smoking STI Age
How to prevent testicular cancer
Avoid smoking
Safe sex
GP checks
What are the risks of brain tumours
Age Medical radiation Genetics Smoking Alcohol
How to prevent brain tumours
Avoid smoking Avoid alcohol Maintain a healthy diet Regular exercise GP checks
How to calculate BMI
kg / m^2
What are the short-term effects of alcohol
Slower reactions Relaxation Cheerfulness Reduces inhibitions Lack of judgement & control Vomiting Coma Death
What are the long-term effects of alcohol
Brain damage
Cirrhosis of the liver
Increased risk of cancer
Death
What are the effects of alcohol on unborn children
Miscarriage Stillbirth Prematurity Low birthweight Poor brain development Facial deformity Hearing issue Kidney/liver issues Learning difficulties Fetal alcohol syndrome
What is ionising radiation
Radiation capable of removing electrons from atoms
gamma, x-ray, ultraviolet
What are sources of ionising radiation
UV rays (cosmic radiation) Radon Medical exposure Nuclear power production Nuclear fallout
What are the effects of ionising radiation
Ionising radiation can damage atoms that make up DNA, affecting how they interact and bond
This can cause mutations that can be cancerous and lead to the formation of tumours
