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Pharmacology > B6 Haematology 1 > Flashcards

B6 Haematology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

water (90%), electrolytes, glucose, lipids, metabolites, gases, hormones, drug and plasma proteins?

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2
Q

What are the 3 plasma proteins and their roles?

A

albumins- transport, colloidal osmotic pressure
globulins- transport, clotting, precursors to hormones (angiotesinogen), defence
fibrinogen- clotting

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3
Q

What is serum?

A

coagulated plasma

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4
Q

Do red blood cells have a nucleus and what is its shape?

A

no nucleus, RBCs are discoid

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5
Q

What is the life span of RBCs?

A

120 days

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6
Q

Why is control of erythropoiesis essential?

A

to maintain RBC level

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7
Q

What controls erythropoiesis?

A

erythropoietin (polypeptide hormone)

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8
Q

Hoe does erythropoietin work?

A

released by peritublar cells in the kidney and increases the number of stem cells committed to erythropoiesis

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9
Q

What are immature RBCs?

A

nucleus is extruded and taken up by bone marrow macrophages

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10
Q

What does mRNA in reticulocyte allow?

A

haemoglobin to be synthesised

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11
Q

What happens to the retic count when erythropoiesis is increased?

A

increases

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12
Q

What is the structure of haemoglobin?

A

2 components: haem & globin

tetrameric: 4 globin chains made of polypeptide with haem prosthetic group

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13
Q

What is haem?

A

ferrous iron (Fe2+) at the centre of a protoporrphyrin complex

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14
Q

How are global chains linked?

A

non-covalent bonds

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15
Q

What subunits do adult and foetal haemoglobin contain?

A

adult - 2 alpha2, 2 beta2

foetal - 2 alpha2, 2 gamma2

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16
Q

How do we get iron from our diet?

A

ferrous iron Fe2+ (Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+ in stomach)
Fe3+ produced by mucosal cells of duodenum, binds to apoferritin to produce ferritin
release iron into blood to bind with transferrin
delivers iron to bone marrow
iron in Hb

17
Q

What are the 5 leucocytes?

A 
neutrophils 
eosinophils 
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
18
Q

What is the role of neutrophils?

A

phagocytosis of microorganisms

19
Q

What is the role of eosinophils?

A

associated with parasite killing and inflammation

20
Q

What is the role of basophils?

A

release histamine in hypersensitivity reactions

21
Q

What is the role of Monocytes?

A

phagocytic, leave blood and become macrophages

22
Q

What is the role of lymphocytes?

A

produce antibodies

23
Q

What do phagocytes comprise of?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (all called granulocytes) and monocytes

24
Q

What do immunocytes comprise of?

A

lymphocytes?

25
Q

What are platelets called and what do they do?

A

thrombocytes and clotting formation

26
Q

Where are blood cells produced for the foetus and neonate? and for the neonate, child and adult?

A

neonate, foetus- liver and spleen

adult, child and neonate - bone marrow

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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