B6 Haematology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

water (90%), electrolytes, glucose, lipids, metabolites, gases, hormones, drug and plasma proteins?

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2
Q

What are the 3 plasma proteins and their roles?

A

albumins- transport, colloidal osmotic pressure
globulins- transport, clotting, precursors to hormones (angiotesinogen), defence
fibrinogen- clotting

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3
Q

What is serum?

A

coagulated plasma

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4
Q

Do red blood cells have a nucleus and what is its shape?

A

no nucleus, RBCs are discoid

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5
Q

What is the life span of RBCs?

A

120 days

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6
Q

Why is control of erythropoiesis essential?

A

to maintain RBC level

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7
Q

What controls erythropoiesis?

A

erythropoietin (polypeptide hormone)

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8
Q

Hoe does erythropoietin work?

A

released by peritublar cells in the kidney and increases the number of stem cells committed to erythropoiesis

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9
Q

What are immature RBCs?

A

nucleus is extruded and taken up by bone marrow macrophages

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10
Q

What does mRNA in reticulocyte allow?

A

haemoglobin to be synthesised

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11
Q

What happens to the retic count when erythropoiesis is increased?

A

increases

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12
Q

What is the structure of haemoglobin?

A

2 components: haem & globin

tetrameric: 4 globin chains made of polypeptide with haem prosthetic group

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13
Q

What is haem?

A

ferrous iron (Fe2+) at the centre of a protoporrphyrin complex

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14
Q

How are global chains linked?

A

non-covalent bonds

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15
Q

What subunits do adult and foetal haemoglobin contain?

A

adult - 2 alpha2, 2 beta2

foetal - 2 alpha2, 2 gamma2

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16
Q

How do we get iron from our diet?

A

ferrous iron Fe2+ (Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+ in stomach)
Fe3+ produced by mucosal cells of duodenum, binds to apoferritin to produce ferritin
release iron into blood to bind with transferrin
delivers iron to bone marrow
iron in Hb

17
Q

What are the 5 leucocytes?

A
neutrophils 
eosinophils 
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
18
Q

What is the role of neutrophils?

A

phagocytosis of microorganisms

19
Q

What is the role of eosinophils?

A

associated with parasite killing and inflammation

20
Q

What is the role of basophils?

A

release histamine in hypersensitivity reactions

21
Q

What is the role of Monocytes?

A

phagocytic, leave blood and become macrophages

22
Q

What is the role of lymphocytes?

A

produce antibodies

23
Q

What do phagocytes comprise of?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (all called granulocytes) and monocytes

24
Q

What do immunocytes comprise of?

A

lymphocytes?

25
What are platelets called and what do they do?
thrombocytes and clotting formation
26
Where are blood cells produced for the foetus and neonate? and for the neonate, child and adult?
neonate, foetus- liver and spleen | adult, child and neonate - bone marrow