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Pharmacology > B4 The upper GI tract 3 > Flashcards

B4 The upper GI tract 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is released by the vagus nerve?

A

acetylcholine

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2
Q

What does ACh act on?

A

Muscarinic M3 receptor

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3
Q

What type of receptor is an M3 receptor

A

G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)

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4
Q

What is histamine?

A

an endogenous mediator, hormone

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5
Q

What is histamine responsible for?

A

Skin rashes

gastric acid secretion

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6
Q

What are the 3 histamine receptors?

A

GPCRs
histamine H1 recpetors
histamine H2 receptors

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7
Q

What do H1 and H2 receptors do and what can be used to treat them?

A

H1- allergy, antihistamines-lotatadine

H2- gastric acid secretion, antagonist used to treat dyspepsia- ranitidine

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8
Q

What is gastrin?

A

a peptide hormone

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9
Q

Where is gastrin released for and what does it mediate?

A

released from antral cells and mediate gastric phase

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10
Q

What is gastrin an agonist for?

A

CCK2

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11
Q

Is gastrin calcium dependent for activation of proton pump?

A

yes

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12
Q

What inhibits proton pump action

A

prostaglandins binding to PG R

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13
Q

What are Prostanoids?

A

family of endogenous mediators derived from arachidonic acid

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14
Q

How is arachidonic composed?

A

20 carbon atom unsaturated fatty acid with 4 C=C double bonds

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15
Q

Where is Arachidonic acid located and released by?

A

located in cell membranes and released by phospholipase A2

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16
Q

What are the two pathways of Arachidonic acid?

A

Cyclooxgenase (Cox) - release prostanoids

Lipoxygenase- release leukotrienes

17
Q

What are the family of metabolites prostanoids and prostaglandins belong to? Give 3 examples

A

AA metabolites

PGI2, PGE2, TXA2

18
Q

What are the functions of PGI2, PGE2 and TXA2?

A

PGI2- inhibit acid secretion
PGE2- inhibits platelet aggregation (vasodilation)
TXA2- stimulates platelet aggregation (vasoconstriction)

19
Q

Give examples of some symptoms prostanoids and prostaglandins do

A 
Pain
inflammation 
raise temp
asthma
uterine contraction 
miscarriage
20
Q

What do PGE2 and PGI2 inhibit and therefore cause?

A

inhibit increase in cAMP leads to suppression of proton pump activity can cause cytoprotection by releasing mucous and bicarbonate

21
Q

What are NSAIDs and what do they do?

A

Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit cyclooxygenase

22
Q

What are the benefits and disadvantages of NSAIDs?

A 
\+ves
- pain relief
- anti-inflammatory 
- anti- pyretic 
- anti platelet 
-ves 
more acid secretion, reduced mucous and bicarbonate
23
Q

What activates the proton pump?

A

phosphorylation and calcium

24
Q

What is meant by dynamic?

A

produced in cell and cycles to membrane

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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