B3 The upper GI tract 2

Question 1

What are the NT and receptors in the pre ganglionic nerve in the sympathetic system?

Answer 1

NT- ACh

receptor - nicotinic

Question 2

What are the NT and receptors in the post ganglionic nerve in the sympathetic system?

Answer 2

NT- NA

receptor- adrenoceptors

Question 3

What are the NT and receptors in the pre ganglionic nerve in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 3

NT- ACh

receptor- nicotinic

Question 4

What are the NT and receptor in the post ganglionic nerve in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 4

NT- ACh

receptor- muscarinic

Question 5

What is an agonist at alpha and beta adrenoceptors?

Answer 5

Noradrenaline

Question 6

What is a beta blocker antagonist at beta adrenoceptors?

Answer 6

Atenolol

Question 7

What is an agonist at muscranic receptors?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine

Question 8

What is an antagonist at muscarinic receptors?

Answer 8

Atropine

Question 9

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 9

1) aids speech
2) promotes dental hygiene
3) allows mastication
4) adds fluid
5) starts digestion of starches - amylase

Question 10

What do Acinar cells secrete?

Answer 10

amylase and electrolytes with similar tonicity to plasma

Question 11

What modify secretion of saliva?

Answer 11

Striated and excitatory ducts

Question 12

What are the side effects of some drugs which produce a secondary action to block muscarinic receptors (antimuscarinic)?

Answer 12

1) dry mouth
2) constipation
3) blurred vision
4) urinary retention

Question 13

What causes enhanced muscarinic activity?

Answer 13

muscarinic agonists
acetylcholinerase
both cause salivation

Question 14

What causes increase in acid secretion?

Answer 14

1) histamine via H2 receptors
2) gastrin
3) acetylcholine via M-receptors M3 on parietal cells

Question 15

What causes a decrease in acid secretion?

Answer 15

1) prostaglandins (E2 & I2)

2) also cytoprotective via bicarbonate and mucus release - from superficial epithelial cells