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M&M Test 4 > B6-095 B Vitamins > Flashcards

B6-095 B Vitamins Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

severe malnutrition, peripheral neuropathy, high output heart failure

A

cardiac “wet” beriberi

**B1 deficiency

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2
Q

polyneuropathy and symmetric muscle wasting caused by B1 deficiency

A

neuritic “dry” beriberi

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3
Q

cofactor for many enzymes, especially those involved in ATP, NADH, and ribose-5-phosphate production

A

thiamine (B1)

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4
Q

critical for generating cellular energy, amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids

A

thiamine (B1)

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5
Q

4 most significant enzymes requiring B1 as a cofactor

A

Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (TCA)
Transketolase (HMP shunt)

B-APT

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6
Q

active form is FAD or FMN

A

B2 riboflavin

FAD and FMN are derived from riboFlavin

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7
Q

cofactor for methyltetrahydrofolate reductase

A

B2 riboflavin

B2=2 ATP

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8
Q

what medication can increase the breakdown of B2 riboflavin with long term use?

A

phenobarbital

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9
Q

Cheilosis
Corneal vascularization
“magenta” tongue

A

B2 riboflavin

2 Cs of B2

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10
Q

found as nicotinamide or nicotinic acid

A

B3 niacin

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11
Q

used in redox reactions as a cofactor for dehydrogenase

A

B3 Niacin

NAD derived from Niacin
B3= 3 ATP

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12
Q

derived from tryptophan

A

B3 Niacin

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13
Q

risk factors for B3 deficiency [5]

A

chronic alcoholism
low protein diet
drugs used for TB/leukemia isoniazid
Hartnup disease
carcinoid syndrome

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14
Q

increases conversion of tryptophan to serotonin causing B3 deficiency

A

carcinoid syndrome

(symptoms of carcinoid syndrome: skin flushing, diarrhea, dyspnea)

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15
Q

mutation in intestinal tryptophan transporter that causes B3 deficiency

A

Hartnup syndrome

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16
Q

3 D’s of vitamin B3 deficiency

A

diarrhea
dementia
dermatitis

(pellagra)

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17
Q

component of coenzyme A (cofactor for CoA, carbon transfers) and fatty acid synthase

A

B5 pantothenic acid

“pento”thenic acid

anytime you see CoA think B5

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18
Q

nitrous oxide can cause […] deficiency

A

B12

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19
Q

describe the absorption of vitamin B12 cobalamin

A
  1. food with B12 is ingested
  2. haptocorrin is secreted by salivary glands
  3. in stomach, parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
  4. cobalamin is released from food by HCl or trypsin and binds haptocorrin
  5. in the small intestine, pancreatic proteases degrade haptocorrin and cobalamin binds IF
  6. cobalamin-IF complex is absorbed in the ileum via cubulin receptors
  7. cobalamin is released into blood. Can bind haptocorrin transporter for storage or transcobalamin II to go to cells/liver
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20
Q

causes of lack of intrinsic factor [2]

(leads to B12 deficiency)

A

pernicious anemia
gastric bypass surgery

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21
Q

some causes of malabsorption that can cause B12 deficiency

A

aging
enteritis
alcoholism
bacterial overgrowth
veganism

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22
Q

terminal ileum resection (such as in a Crohn’s patient) can increase the risk of […] deficiency

A

B12 cobalamin

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23
Q

most common cause of B12 cobalamin deficiency

A

pernicious anemia

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24
Q

auto-immune antibodies attack parietal cells, resulting in decreased HCl and IF

A

pernicious anemia

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25
drugs that can cause B12 cobalamin deficiency
GERD: H2 blockers, PPIs nitrous oxide
26
muscle weakness sore tongue neuropathy neural-tube defects megaloblastic anemia
B12 cobalamin deficiency
27
megaloblastic anemia hypersegmented PMNs parethesia due to abnormal myelin
B12 cobalamin deficiency
28
cofactor for methionine synthetase and methymalonyl CoA mutatase important for DNA snythesis
B12 cobalamin
29
increased serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
B12 cobalamin deficiency
30
important enzyme in fatty acid metabolism in mitochondria deficiency can cause abnormal myelination
B12 cobalamin
31
universal methyl donor for methylation of DNA, RNA, proteins
S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM) important in methionine cycle with B12, B9, and B6
32
converted to THF, a coenzyme for 1 carbon transfer/methylation important to the synthesis of nitrogenous bases
B9 folate
33
required for regeneration of dTMP
B9 folate **5 FU inhibits this pathway by inhibiting thymidylate synthase
34
diminished dTMP causes what?
cell cycle arrest of hemopoietic cells --> megaloblastic anemia
35
drugs that can cause B9 folate deficiency
methotrexate (inhibits DHFR) trimethoprim (DHFR antagonist) phenytoin
36
only coenzyme as pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)
B6 pyroxidine
37
serves as a cofactor in transamination, decarboxylation reactions, and glycogen phosphorylase
B6 pyroxidine
38
serves as a cofactor in the synthesis of glutathione, cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine, and neurotrasmitters
B6 pyroxidine
39
required as a cofactor in the alanine cycle for the removal of ammonium
B6 pyroxidine
40
can cause an anemia with normal number of RBCs but low hemoglobin content
B6 pyroxidine deficiency (sideroblastic anemia)
41
convulsions hyper irritability peripheral neuropathy sideroblastic anemia
B6 pyroxidine deficiency
42
cofactor found in pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoA carboxylase key cofactor to enzymes that perform gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism
B7 biotin
43
inhibition of [...] has been considered for obesity drugs as it would stimulate fat oxidation
acetyl-CoA carboxylase **B7 biotin pathway
44
enzyme that is first step in fatty acid synthesis and highly regulated
acetyl-CoA carboxylase **B7 biotin pathway
45
enzyme that produces oxaloactetate, key to gluconeogenesis and keeping TCA replenished via anaplerotic reactions
pyruvate carboxylase **B7 biotin pathway
46
excessive ingestion of raw egg whites can cause
B7 biotin deficiency avidin in eggs binds biotin
47
assists in glucose metabolism, RNA, DNA, and ATP synthesis
B1 thiamine
48
deficiency causes fatigue, confusion, movement impairment, swelling, heart failure
B1 thiamine
49
assists in glucose, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism electron carrier other B vitamins dependent on
B2 riboflavin
50
deficiency causes dry scaly skin, mouth inflammation and sore, sore throat, itchy eyes, light sensitivity
B2 riboflavin
51
assists in glucose, fat, and protein metabolism electron carrier
B3 niacin
52
deficiency causes pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
B3 niacin
53
assists in glucose, fat, and protein metabolism assists in cholesterol and neurotransmitter synthesis
B5 pantothenic acid
54
deficiency causes muscle numbness and pain, fatigue, irritability
B5 pantothenic acid
55
assists in amino-acid synthesis, glycogenolysis assists in hemoglobin and neurotransmitter synthesis
B6 pyroxidine
56
deficiency causes muscle weakness, dermatitis, mouth sores, fatigue, confusion
B6 pyroxidine
57
assists in glucose, fat, and protein metabolism assists in amino acid synthesis
B7 biotin
58
deficiency causes muscle weakness, dermatitis, fatigue, hair loss
B7 biotin
59
assist in amino acid synthesis, RNA, DNA, and RBC synthesis
B9 folate
60
deficiency causes diarrhea, mouth sores, confusion, anemia, neural tube defects
B9 folate
61
assists in fat and protein catabolism folate function RBC synthesis
B12 cobalamin
62
deficiency causes muscle weakness, sore tongue, anemia, nerve damage, neural tube defects
B12 cobalamin
63
how do PPIs cause B12 deficiency?
increase the pH of the stomach, resulting in reduction of release of cobalamin from food
64
malabsorption causes of B12 deficiency can be treated with
IM B12 injection
65
methotrexate can cause a [...] deficiency
B9 folate
66
[...] deficiency can cause seizures or dystonic movement due to its role in the neurotransmitter synthesis pathway
B6 pyrodoxine
67
amino acid transaminases require [...] in the catabolism of amino acids
B6 pyrodoxine

M&M Test 4 (14 decks)

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