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M&M Test 4 > B6-025 Skin Development > Flashcards

B6-025 Skin Development Flashcards

1
Q

acts as a storage center for lipids and water; shock absorber

A

hypodermis

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2
Q

skin movements are limited by [2]

A

retinacula cutis fibers
fasciae

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3
Q

allows dermis and fasciae to glide on each other

A

retinucula cutis fibers

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4
Q

melanocytes derive from

A

neural crest

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5
Q

sensory receptors in skin derive from

A

neural crest

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6
Q

mesenchyme/connective tissue of skin in the cranial region derives from

A

neural crest

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7
Q

what layer of the skin arises from non-neural ectoderm?

A

epidermis

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8
Q

what layer of skin arises from neural ectoderm?

A

dermis and hypodermis in head and neck

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9
Q

temporary protective layer cast off into amniotic fluid later in development

A

periderm

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10
Q

5 layers of epidermis

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum (thick skin)
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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11
Q

langerhans cells and spinous cells are found in which layer of epidermis?

A

stratum spinosum

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12
Q

melanocytes reside in what layer of epidermis?

A

stratum basale

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13
Q

what layer of skin is responsible for fingerprints?

A

stratum basale

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14
Q

abundant tonofibrils with desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

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15
Q

caused by excessive keratinization of the skin

A

harlequin ichthyosis

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16
Q

globally reduced or absent pigmentation

A

albinism

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17
Q

loss of melanocytes in patches of skin, hair, and oral mucosa due to autoimmune disorder

A

vitiligo

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18
Q

patchy absence of hair pigment

A

piebaldism

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19
Q

patches of white skin and hair
irises of eyes are different colors
deafness

A

Waardenburg syndrome

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20
Q

antigen presenting immune cells of the epidermis

A

Langerhans cells

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21
Q

where in the skin do blood vessels lie?

A

dermis

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22
Q

papillary layer of the dermis forms […] to increase the surface area

A

dermal papillae

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23
Q

what layer of skin contains roots of hair, hair bulbs, and hair papillae?

A

reticular layer of the dermis

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24
Q

create Langers lines, which is imperative to wound healing

A

reticular layer of dermis

25
Q

epidermal appendages arise from the […] and migrate down into the dermis

26
Q

how does a hair follicle develop?

A
  1. epidermal proliferation from stratum basale form and penetrate dermis
  2. terminal end (hair bud) invaginates to form hair papilla
  3. hair papilla fills with mesoderm (allows vessels and nerve endings to develop)
27
Q

the mesenchyme surrounding an epithelial hair sheath forms [2]

A

dermal root sheath
arrector pili muscle

28
Q

hair grows via continuous proliferation of epithelial cells at the […] that pushes the hair up to the surface

A

follicle base/hair bulb

29
Q

do not lose cytoplasm in the secretions

30
Q

release some cytoplasm in secretions

31
Q

what type of sweat glands form in the axilla?

32
Q

secretions from the […] gland help form the vernix caseosa

33
Q

persistence of parts of the mammary line causes

A

polythelia (accessory nipple)

34
Q

polymastia occurs when the remnant of the mammary line develops into a

A

complete breast

35
Q

when lactiferous ducts open into an epithelial pit that failed to evert, the result is

A

inverted nipples

36
Q

epidermal thickenings appear at the tips of digits and form

A

nail fields

37
Q

nail fields grow proximally, forming a

38
Q

superficial fascia layer that attaches skin to the underlying deep fascia of bone/muscle

A

hypodermis

39
Q

congenital absence of skin, generally isolated lesions on scalp

A

cutis aplasia

40
Q

skin is inelastic and hangs loosely due to decrease in elastin

A

cutis laxa

41
Q

fragile, bruisable skin that heals with peculiar scars

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

42
Q

caused by a mutation in collagen causing altered collagen synthesis

A

Ehlers-Danlos

43
Q

autosomal dominant disease of keratin that causes skin to be fragile and blister easily

A

epidermolysis bullosa

44
Q

the connective tissue of the dermis of the skin of the back is derived from

A

dermatome region of somite

45
Q

gives rise to some muscles of the back, body wall, and limbs

46
Q

gives rise to vertebrae, ribs and rib cartilage

A

sclerotome

47
Q

gives rise to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and blood vessels

A

lateral plate mesoderm

48
Q

gives rise to dermis of back

49
Q

gives rise to mammary glands

50
Q

mammary glands begin as […] which give rise to […]

A

epithelial sprouts
epithelial buds

51
Q

create a physical barrier against pathogens and produce proinflammatory chemokines

A

keratinocytes

52
Q

create pigment that protect against the sun’s harmful rays

A

melanocytes

53
Q

mechanoreceptors of the skin

A

merkel cells

54
Q

hair roots and the hair follicle are located in the […] layer

A

dermal reticular

55
Q

nails derive from the

56
Q

nail fields give rise to the

A

nail roots

57
Q

nail fields form at

A

distal tips of digits

then form nail roots

58
Q

keratinocytes originate in the […] and migrate throughout the epidermis

A

stratum basale

59
Q

increase the surface area of the dermis and maintain contact with the overlying epidermis
prevent blistering

A

dermal papillae

M&M Test 4 (14 decks)

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